Howard Hughes Essay

Howard Hughes, one of the most mysterious men in America. He achieved the American dream by not only becoming wealthy but he also built an empire. A businessman, plane designer, movie producer, industrialist, was great in everything he focused in. Had and enormous wealth and intellect, and he also had achievement. He fortune with hard work in any job and with his great influential ideas. Howard Robard Hughes Jr. was born in Houston, Texas on December 24, 1905. He was the son of Allene Gano Hughes and Howard Robard Hughes Sr., who invented the tri-cone roller bit which allowed rotary drilling for oil in previously inaccessible places. He also founded the Hughes Tool Company to commercialize this invention. Howard’s parents died when he was still a child; he inherited a considerable part of his father’s million dollar fortune. Howard’s goals as a child were to become the best golfer, the best pilot, and the best movie producer. Despite the fact that he attended great schools, he never got a diploma. His father arranged for him to attend math and engineering classes at the California Institute of Technology. Then he enrolled in the now-called Rice University. Hughes is best known as an aviation genius, because of all of his the designs, ideas, and invention of airplanes. He is famous for the H-4 Hercules, also known as the â€Å"Spruce Goose†, and is also known because of his eccentric behavior. He set many world records while flying that seemed unreachable in his time. On September 13, 1935, he set a new speed record aboard his H-1 Racer by setting a speed of 566 km per hour, the previous record was 505 km per hour. This H-1 was donated to the Smithsonian Institute in 1975; now it is on display at the National Air and Space Museum. On January 19, 1937, he set a trans-continental speed record by flying from Los Angeles to New York City in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds. On 1938 he set a record by flying around the world in 3 days and 19 hours; the preceding record was more than four hours. Hughes also received many awards; some are: the Harmon Aviatrix Trophy (1936 and in 1938) which is given for the most outstanding international achievements, the Collier Trophy (1939) which is the most prestigious award in the aviation field, and the Octave Chanute Award (1940) which is given for engineering innovations. Howard Hughes purchased Transcontinental and Western Air (T&WA) in 1939. This company grew along with his chairman Jack Frye. TWA broke Pan Am’s legal designation as the US sole international carrier, so TWA began transatlantic flights using the new Lockheed â€Å"Connie†, which was used as both a civilian airliner and U.S. military air transport plane. In 1950, the airline changed its name to Trans World Airlines (TWA), because it offered flying routes from Europe to all Asia until Hong Kong. Later with the Transpacific Route Case of 1969, TWA was able to fly in the Pacific Ocean too. TWA and Pan Am were the only U.S. airlines serving Europe. One of Hughes’s most famous designs was the H-4 Hercules, also known as the Spruce Goose. This was a jumbo boat that flew; it was specially designed for carrying soldiers in a war. The idea was to use it in World War II, but unfortunately the Hercules was finished just after the end of the war. This plane was another satisfactory idea of Hughes, because it successfully flew once with Hughes in control. This is why Howard had to testify against the Senate War Investigating Committee, but they failed to file a final report because the government didn’t permit planes made out of aircraft aluminum. So Hughes had to make the plane out of hard close-grained wood so he could accomplish his contract with the U.S. Government. This plane was on display next to RMS Queen Mary in Long Beach, California for many years, but now it is in McMinnville, Oregon where it is part of the Evergreen Aviation Museum. On July 7, 1946, Hughes was flying a prototype plane of the US Army, made by him, when an oil leak changed the way a propeller had to work. The plane started to drop down and crashed in a Beverly Hills neighborhood. When the plane finally stopped, after destroying three houses, the fuel tanks exploded, setting fire to the plane and a close house. In the accident, Hughes got a crushed collar bone, six crushed ribs and some third-degree burns, but besides this it affected him the rest of his life. With this he turned into a more unusual person because he developed an addiction to opiates because of use of morphine as a painkiller during his rehabilitation. He turned into an isolated person, developing a disease known as hypochondria, which makes a person preoccupied with physical health and body. This person believes, fears or is convinced that he has a serious disease, despite medical reassurance. Hughes became so isolated the he was inside a room for a little over 8 months, only opening the room for food carefully inspected for any germ. The main reason he left the room in 1947 was because he was called to testify. Senator Ralph Owen Brewster opposed the commercial interest of Howard Hughes. He said that Howard had received $40 million from the Defense Department without actually delivering the aircraft he had contracted to provide (which was the H-4 Hercules). Even though Hughes had everything against him, he combated Brewster with the same anger, accusing him of being corrupt. Hughes spread rumors about the senator’s close association with Pan Am (Hughes’s rival company), alleging that he received free flights and other things in return for help beating TWA. The senator also passed a bill to remove government approval for TWA flights across the Atlantic. Hughes openly said that Brewster had promised an end to the Senate investigation if he would agree to merge TWA with Pan Am. In reply, the senator, annoyed by the accusations, stood aside from leading the investigation to become a witness before the committee. He denied Hughes’s accusations and made several opposing accusations, but failed to harm Hughes. The senator’s reputation suffered greatly from this incident with Hughes. Howard Hughes died on April 5, 1976, at the age of 70 when he was going on an airplane from his penthouse in Mexico to a hospital in Houston. The autopsy showed that he died because of a kidney failure, plus in his bloodstream it appeared that he had 1.9 micrograms of codeine. This dose of codeine is more than fatal, and together with a good amount of valium it makes it fatal. Hughes was unrecognizable due to his long years of recluse. His hair, beard, finger and toe nails were disgustingly long. Doctors said that malnutrition to his 6’4† body helped him on his death, because he only weighed 90 lbs. Since he was too unrecognizable, the FBI had no other choice than to use the fingerprint identification to identify the body. Howard is buried in the cemetery of Glenwood in Houston. Hughes is worth writing research paper, because he is a genius on mostly everything related to plane designs. It is good to know that thanks to this man we are able to move fast and around the world. Jets are a great innovation on planes; Howard was the one of inventors of the jet propulsion airplanes, but wasn’t able to make the most out of them, because of his illness. I believe he is an inspiration for most of the youths out there wanting to study engineering, I think this is true, because Howard is my inspiration because of the great example he represents. Besides being a plane genius he was also a movie director producer which is also another reason why this man is a good research topic. Bibliography: Johnson, Bobby H. â€Å"Howard Hughes† The World Net Encyclopedia. Ed. Robert O Zeleny. Chicago World Enc. Inc, 1990. PBS Chasing the Sun- Howard Hughes [Online] Available http://www.pbs.org/Kcet/chasing the sun/innovators/hhughes.html, September 9, 2003. Golden Ages [Online] Available http://nationalaviation.org/museum-enshrinee/asp?eraid=3&enshrineeid=302, September 12, 2003. Donald L. Bartlett and James B. Steele, Empire: The Life, Legend, and Madness of Howard Hughes (New York: Norton, 1979). Charles Barton, Howard Hughes and His Flying Boat (Fallbrook, California: Aero, 1982). Michael Drosin, Citizen Hughes (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985). Howard Hughes, My Life and Opinions, ed. Robert P. Eaton (Chicago: Best Books Press, 1972). Robert Maheu, Next to Hughes: Behind the Power and Tragic Downfall of Howard Hughes, by His Closest Advisor (New York: HarperCollins, 1992). Harold Rhoden, High Stakes: The Gamble for the Howard Hughes Will (New York: Crown, 1980). R obert W. Rummel, Howard Hughes and TWA (Washington: Smithsonian Press, 1991). Tony Thomas, Howard Hughes in Hollywood (Secaucus, New Jersey: Citadel Press, 1985)

Business Entities Essay

Introduction: Most business entities, specifically those small enterprises use the manual process of recording inventories. They record inventories manually on a paper, as well as the product bought, sold and stored. The very in inconvenient process of recording manually made the researcher come up with the idea to make an electronic record keeping system for the improvement of the workflow and productivity in the pharmacy while a series of embedded safety checks yields unparalleled accuracy and greater overall safety prescription purposes. Background of the Study: The researchers realize the current system of pharmacy record keeping system was out-dated and unable to cope with a recent sharp increase in disbursement of medications. This study will be established with the aim of bringing in an electronic record keeping system that would be efficient, easy to learn and sustainable. The researcher will tend to make a system for the easier way of providing information about the product bought, sold, and stored. In addition, the system will attempt to provide receipts using the new system to show the effectiveness of modernizing the company’s current system. This system tends to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the process done by the company. The convenience of this new system will help to promote the company as well as to help its employees do an easier task for the enhancement of the system process. Statement of the problem: Ethical and efficient works are very important in merchandising company like drug stores. Erroneous and mistaken of records will lead the company in a bigger problem. We listed some problems that the company will possibly encounter: 1. Who is responsible in handling and keeping the transaction’s record? 2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the business? 3. How the company competes with the same kinds of business? 4. How to increase the profit of the business? 5. How many workers needed to generate the business? 6. What are some techniques and strategies that will work on in the business? 7. How to enhance the continuality of the business operation? Objective of the Study: * It will help the _____________ Drugstore in providing the information needed by the business to improve their performance and to maximize their profit in general. Efficient and accurate recording of transactions will lead to intermediary success. * Provide the system that will arrange the sales and inventory of the business. * To help the owner and manager in recording and monitoring their business transactions so that they can identify if their business can earn a profits or losses. * The system will also benefit the customers in providing them the right medicine in a good and appropriate price for their illness. * The system will also provide the record of Payroll for each employee. Significance of the Study: * By conducting a proper feasibility study, the target audience can be clearly identified along with their purchasing power. This process will determine the economic prowlers of a proposal by a business. * To investigate ways to improve the inventory process of retail pharmacy. * The feasibility study will look at how certain proposal can work in a long-term basis or withstand financial risks that may come. * By conducting feasibility study, we would be able to know the circumstances faces by the pharmacy. * We can formulate answer to our problem. * Inventory system help companies with huge inventories to easily and accurately monitor their stocks. With the use of database, information will be readily available to the user and can be easily updated without having to scroll through spreadsheets. Scope and Limitations: Pharmacy seems to be one of the most important businesses in our society. But nowadays the inventory processes of those pharmacies are crucial. This feasibility study is conducted for as to formulate a system in which those pharmacists can easily access to their products. Pharmacy inventory system facilitates to manage a day to day basis for taking care of pharmacy inventory accurately and efficiently. The system will keep tracks of the records, purchases, stock, and expiry. A simplified computerized inventory system will be very helpful to the company since this will expedite its inventory workflow as well as generate very timely reports needed by the management for its evaluation and review and overall decision making. Our study will focuses on how we are going to impart a system which could help the inventory process is at risk. They cannot easily know if their certain product is out of stock or not. We aim to rationalize information of a proposed business in order to provide a clear rationale of basic factors in marketing which includes the strength and weakness. We focus on helping answer in the essential question of â€Å"should we proceed with proposed project idea?†

David Foster Wallace Essay

In this essay I am going to do my best to give the reader the most informative explanation (within my constraints) of one of the most brilliant authors of the age, David Foster Wallace. He was the author of many great and insightful (at times, dark) works. Some of the more popular/well-known pieces being _The Broom of the System, Girl with Curious Hair, Infinite Jest, A Supposedly Fun Thing I’ll Never Do Again, Brief Interviews with Hideous Men, Oblivion_, and finally his incomplete novel, _The Pale King_. In all honesty, to even scratch the surface of an individual with this amount of depth would require a work similar in size and time to his â€Å"tree-killer† of a novel, _Infinite Jest_. That being said, I hold the belief that every free-thinking individual should at least know-this man’s name in hopes that it may show them the way to his works on what it means to be â€Å"a fucking human being†. Read more: Good people summary essay David Foster Wallace was born on 21 February 1962 and finally met his end 12 September 2008 at the age of 46. Wallace was born in Ithaca, New York, to his parents, James Wallace and Sally Foster. His father, a previous graduate student in philosophy at Cornell, was from a family of professionals. His mother, on the other hand, was an English major at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, with a more rural background with family residing in Maine and New Brunswick. She was also the first in her family to acquire a Bachelor’s Degree. At the age of 4, David moved with his family to Champaign-Urbana, Illinois for a better job opportunity. His home life was very structured (dinner at 5:45 p.m. and lights out at precisely 8:30 p.m.) and was very conducive for intellectual growth. It was a happy home. As he gets older, Wallace starts to realize many things. First, he had a love for tennis. With his logical and calculating mind, he could easily see the geometrical angles the ball could make as it bounced off the racket, leading him to become one of the top players in his region at that time. Other things start to surface as well; sadly, these were not among some of the happier things. He started to analyze his physical and mental self, picking at each and every flaw (compared it to sort of â€Å"counting sheep†), which did nothing to alleviate his problem at being socially awkward. He eventually  found his first love, Susan Perkins, who, at the time, already had a boyfriend. It’s also important to note that this was the point when Wallace discovered the joys of smoking pot. After high school, Wallace planned to attend Amherst. He chose Amherst mostly because it meant he wouldn’t have to go to another interview. His father was an alumni, so he was pretty much a shoo-in. By his sophomore year, he was developing a reputation for his intelligence. He was earning straight A’s and was actually opening up and making friends, until he returned from Christmas break at home. He was an entirely different person when the depression took him, as his college roommates described. After a few weeks of trying to tough it out, Wallace realized he was going to have to withdraw and go home. Something was clearly wrong. He returned in Fall 1984 for his senior year. Eventually, Wallace graduated and was awarded double summas for his two honors theses. _The Broom of the System_ would eventually be published and become his first serious fiction novel. This was the point when Wallace discovered his love of writing fiction. As an immature â€Å"adult† in an adult world, Wallace made the decision to start teaching to supplement his writing career and gain health insurance for his special needs. His first teaching job was at Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts. He hated teaching. For him, he was just wasting time with kids who didn’t even want to do their homework; when he could be spending valuable time on his career as a fiction author. Up to this point, Wallace has steadily been falling deeper and deeper in to his addictions. He had been smoking pot, cigarettes, and drinking almost every night as a way to cope with the depression that can so cripple who he is as a person. As his frustration with his inability to write worsens, so does his addiction. With his frustration and addiction worsening, Wallace again breaks down and must be hospitalized. The medical professionals said he must find a different path, or he would be dead by thirty. Wallace begins rehab, and for months, will live in nothing but rehabilitation centers and halfway homes. As part of these programs, he must attend 12-step AA meetings for recovery. These really hit home for Wallace; they work for him in ways he would never have thought possible. The meetings he would attend ended up becoming major plot  points in the greatest novel he ever wrote. Shortly after getting out of rehab, Wallace started working on his novel again, this time with renewed vigor. In a letter to his editor, he said he was going to â€Å"finish it or die.† Upon finishing the monster novel and the following editing, summarizing, and shortening pains, the greatest achievement in his literary career thus far was finished; 1079 pages, water-tight and ready for publishing. What followed were multiple interviews and readings, which Wallace had been signed up for in order to gain publicity and sell more books. All of which, Wallace summed up as â€Å"whorish.† He wasn’t even sure most of the people coming had even read his book. With fame comes pleasure†¦ of a sort. The more famous he became, the more women seemed to flock to him. Considering how badly his relationships had been going, one night stands were just what he thought he needed. To put it another way, he was really bad about taking the â€Å"13th step† (getting involved with a fellow recovery partner). These relationships would start out normal, maybe a little obsessive, but as time went on they would turn into violent and controlling relationships. Many of them ended terribly, which turned out to one good thing. He had found new companions. Dogs. He adopted a lab and called him Jeeves, and later adopted a stray whom he would later name The Drone. Once his fame started to settle, he no longer had book tours or things of that nature anymore. Now magazines and newspapers were going after him with nonfictions they wanted him to review, and he ended up making short stories out of them. For the most part though, these were just distractions from his real objective, â€Å"The long thing.† While he continued his progress on this novel, he was switching jobs and found a new and seemingly real relationship with a lovely woman named Karen. They would grow close over time, completing one another until they were finally married on 27 December 2004. Wallace would continue his work on â⠂¬Å"the long thing† until the day he died, never really bringing it to the point where he was satisfied with it. David Foster Wallace’s major works include _The Broom of the System, Girl with Curious Hair, Infinite Jest, A Supposedly Fun Thing I’ll Never Do Again, Brief Interviews with Hideous Men, Oblivion_, and finally his incomplete novel, _The Pale King_. During these later years of his life, he was a writing professor at the Pomona College in Claremont, California. The  publications he worked on in his spare time numbered all of one. â€Å"The long thing† (The Pale King) had been his project for many years, and he could not see how to turn the idea of boredom in the story in to something intriguing. David Foster Wallace died 12 September 2008 in Claremont, California. His wife arrived home at 9:30pm, after a stint at her art show, to find that her husband had hanged himself with a garden hose on the patio. After a 20 year battle with severe depression, Wallace could no longer endure. To him, the unbearable and unending pain of his depression could only be cured by death’s sweet release. Upon announcement of this tragedy, various colleges held gatherings in remembrance of one of the most influential figures in literary history, giving the friends and family who attended, a chance to grieve and say goodbye. Karen keeps his ashes in a foil-wrapped box next to a picture of both of their mothers. _Infinite Jest_ was published 1 February 1996 by Little, Brown. It was well-received with minimal, negative reviews. It depicts our culture in the truest sense, and the fact that, beyond all the noise and false happiness, something real exists. Even though this book was released more than a decade ago, the steady continuing sales is a tribute to its realism and mesmerizing intrigue. When most of his major works were published, they weren’t really understood, and, to some degree, they still aren’t. Most of the understanding of his works was left to people of a similar caliber, and everyone else left by the wayside. I believe the works of David Foster Wallace should be standard for college education. As far as high school, to really grasp the man and his work, a student must delve into the realities of his life that, at times, can be surreal, even inappropriately grotesque. Hence, I believe his work is better suited for a mature audience. In conclusion, David Foster Wallace’s Infinite Jest is one of the most profound books in recent history, one that every man and woman should read in their lifetime. (should probably read it twice) David Foster Wallace, was a broken, yet brilliant man who left this life with profound hope in his  works that we could learn to be human beings, with actual feelings and actual thoughts beyond the abyss that is our oppressive culture. Works Cited â€Å"Brief Interview with a Five Draft Man†. _Amherst Magazine_. Amherst College, 1999. Web. 13 April 2014. Max, D.T.. _Every Love Story is a Ghost Story_. New York. Penguin Group, 2012. Print. Max, D.T.. â€Å"The Unfinished†. _The New Yorker_. Conde Nast, 9 March 2009. Web.14 April 2014. McInerney, Jay. â€Å"Infinite Jest†._The New York Times_. The New York Times Company,3 March 1996.Wen.13 April 2014. Silverman, Jacob. â€Å"The artful mediation of Karen Green, David Foster Wallace’s widow†. _Los Angeles Times_. Los Angeles Times, 31 May 2013. Web. 14 April 2014. Weber, Bruce. â€Å"David Foster Wallace, Influential Writer Dies 46†. _The New York Times_. The New York Times Company, 14 September 2008. Web. 13 April 2014.

Public Relations Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Public Relations Strategy - Essay Example The organisation has also faced a number of issues in regards to the competition. The organisation is facing a number of issues in relation to this and the competitive advantage that the company has had in the past is now being challenged by other organisations. Also the company has been unable to keep up with the stake – holders’ missions and has not been able to provide the stakeholders the required returns. The main return that the stakeholders are looking for is ‘care for people’. This includes ensuring that the relationship with the patients is strengthened. The organisation also does not work with the aim of making profits hence, the organisation aims at maximising its economic profits. Public relations deal with managing information of the organisation between the organisation and the public. It normally aims at providing the information that will interest the audience of the organisation. Public relations can be used by the organisation as a mode to build a rapport with its stakeholders like the employee, shareholders, patients, etc. Building a public relations strategy has four main steps: a) defining the public relations problem, b) Planning and programming, c) taking action and communicating, and d) Evaluating the program. The assessment one of the NHS has thrown light upon the current situation within the organisation for NHS – a brief of which has been discussed in the introduction above. The first step as a public relations officer is to define the problem. This is the base of all strategies and helps build a plan for which the organisation requires changes to improve and resolve the issues. National Health Services is the biggest health service in United Kingdom. However in the past the organisation has faced a number of press reports which have been quite dampening for its image. The press has accused the organisation a number of times and the NHS chief Executive Nigel Crisp has also spoken about the attack made by the

Natural Law and Legal Positivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Natural Law and Legal Positivism - Essay Example Natural law applies to theories of ethics, politics, civil law, and theories of religious morality. Natural law as it applies to the theories of ethics, seeks to establish a definition for features of moral theory as nature dictates them. However, natural law theory does not recount on the history of the natural law development thought. Natural law theory finds its definition in ethics (Murphy 654). Any moral theory that relates to the natural law theory belongs to Aquinas. Every ethics analogy that includes material on natural law theory is definitely by Aquinas. It is therefore arguable that Aquinas natural law theory is the centre stage of a natural law position. The theory of natural law ascribes the origin of law to the supreme God. Natural law is a divine providence that originates from God himself. Natural law is therefore part of the theory of divine providence. At the point of view of human role as a recipient of this God's provision, natural law is a product of the principles of practical rationality (Waluchow 179). These are the principles that set judgment of the human actions either as reasonable or as unreasonable. Natural law is a preeminent of the theory of practical rationality. Practicing natural law is a participation in the eternal law. Eternal law is the rational plan that presents the ordinance of all creation. Therefore, natural law attains its quality as law from this base. The practice of natural law binds naturally. To learn natural law does not call for human methods of instruction (Waluchow 179). Humans learn the precepts of natural law naturally. Natural law judges between good and evil, maintaining that, people should do only good things and avoid the evil ones at all cost. Natural law is unique in itself in that, it does not fall into the contemporary categories for moral theories. On interesting feature of natural law is that, it is hard to tell when an ethics analogy ceases to be a natural! Natural laws are intact and cannot be broken or enforced. On the other hand, legal positivism is the theory that maintains that the existence and the content of law depend sharply on the social facts but not on its merits (George 31). The theory does not state that the law's merits are incomprehensible, insignificant, or marginal to the philosophy of law. It rather discourages the thought that the law's merits can determine whether the law or legal systems exist. The impact of any law in any particular place depends on the social standards that are in recognition as authoritative by the officials of the law. For instance, if the legislature enacts, judicial system decide, or social customs declare an act to be a law, then it becomes a law. According to legal positivism, law is anything that the society in question posits. Therefore, law is a social construction. Law is a command of the sovereign under the support of the force (George 31). However, legal positivism is not a confinement of law. The statement that existence of law depends on facts rather than its merits is a thesis about the relation amid laws, facts and merits, but not a thesis about the individual relata (Waluchow 179). Legal positivism is unique in that, it is not contradictory to natural law's moral doctrines and objective morality set in human nature. In order to

Leadership Capacity Development Training Proposal Essay - 1

Leadership Capacity Development Training Proposal - Essay Example They need to influence others to follow their way of working and being innovative and standing out of the crowd should be the most desirable character of a leader. Thus Leadership Capability Development Training program for the 40 newly hired mid-level managers of Etisalat has been proposed in this report by SABK, the largest training and development consultancy and HRD service provider to different business sectors of the industry of Middle East. Leadership comprises of several qualities of which the core qualities being motivator, creative mind and team building capability are most significant which are taken into consideration for the training program by SABK. Proper communication skills and building a strong team are the vital activities of a leader which are needed to be developed amongst the managers. The training program will also focus on the leadership styles of the Middle East and the HRD issues faced by managers in their work. This training program will help the managers t o cope with different critical issues and act professionally to those problems. The advanced evolution technique of SABK is committed to deliver excellent training program for the managers customized to the need of the organization and business processes and the company is confident that Etisalat will be highly satisfied with the training program from SABK for development of leadership skills for the newly hired 40 managers in their organization. Overview Statement SABK is considered as one of the greatest international institutes providing consulting and training services to clients all over the globe. The Company is located in more than 44 locations in different parts of the world and specializes in the provision of training in the fields like human resource, management consulting and other services. The company has gained immense reputation for providing training to the large private organizations located in the Middle East accounts for one of the leading telecom operators in the Middle East and Africa. It is also known for offering great leadership development programs especially designed to enhance the skills and expertise of leaders in organizations. The company uses the best infrastructure and equipments for conducting such programs which also accounts for one of the main reasons for tremendous success and reputation all across the world. The company has been seeking to provide leadership training programs to the companies in the Middle East. Presently the company targets to offer its services to the great telecom company called Etisalat which is headquartered at UAE. SABK Trainers A comprehensive development plan is incorporated for training the UAE national for the handling of critical works and responsibilities. Also they are provided with the right kind of training is areas of finance, HR, technical and commercial fields. The program is conducted by eminent international trainers coming from Dubai, and also functional experts. At the end of the prog ram trainees are sent to Dubai for attainment of specialized training. At the completion of

People on organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

People on organization - Essay Example Before the actual date of the meeting, participants have to be selected appropriately. A meeting within an organization should not contain all the members of the organization but only the members that are affected or required to impact the meeting. The selection of members of a meeting will depend on the type of meeting. For instance, a meeting to negotiate terms and conditions of work between employer and employees does not necessarily require attendance of all the employees. Instead, members can be drawn from the membership of employee unions. This selection will limit the possibility of waste of time from irrelevant input and lack of concern in the meeting. Setting the objectives of the meeting or the agenda is another preparatory process. Here, the person or group that calls the meeting will develop a set of concerns that the meeting will address. The main consideration here is given to the type of meeting. If the meeting is to address a dispute, then the objectives are limited to the scope of a dispute of resolution and the stakeholders are duly informed. The agenda is then distributed to the stakeholders before the meeting to allow time for the stakeholders to gather high-quality information on the subject matter. It also gives the participants time to make their schedules comply with the timeframe of the meeting (Gamage 2006). Giving each stakeholder time for preparation sets the time for each member to gather the relevant information on the subject of the issue. The importance of this subject is already discussed that it makes the subject limit the preparation of the issues at hand. For distributive negotiations, this point is a s pecial one. This is since it makes the preparing partners have a wide variety of their options. For integrated bargains, the process is not as useful as it engages the formal partners in a wit engagement that will engage in unproductive negotiations. A meeting should start at the stipulated time on and

Servant leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Servant leadership - Essay Example The authoritarian leadership style denotes a centralized decision making approach where the final decision is taken by the topmost executive. The participative leadership style indicates that employees should be included within the decision making process. Employees are able to influence the decision making approach, and simultaneously the responsibility of team members also increases. The laissez-faire leadership approach is the least observed within an organizational system. There are similarities between servant leadership and participative leadership styles. In the current scenario there is a wide range of firms following the servant leadership approach. The servant leadership style is valued by many organizations so as to strengthen employee relationships. The organization selected for this particular study is Prince’s Court. This is a healthcare provider that aims at providing family-centered and quality healthcare to individuals. The study will summarize the implementat ion of the service leadership approach within the chosen organizational framework. The servant leadership concept suggests the primary role of a leader is to extend support towards team members or to serve them appropriately. This approach does not believe in exercising power over other team members, but distributes power amongst all individuals. It is an ancient philosophy and is closely knitted with the concept of participative leadership approach. A servant leader possesses certain priorities such as enabling, encouraging and supporting subordinates to address specific goals or objectives. This eventually leads to distribution of power and responsibility amongst employees. It can be considered as a participative decision making style, where all team members contribute their opinions or ideas (Mello, 2011). Servant leadership approach is not only confined to employee related behavior but its objective is to alter hierarchical relationship between team members

Youth human rights perspective case study Essay

Youth human rights perspective case study - Essay Example In a lawsuit filed against the Department of Education of Hawaii or DOE as well as the Hawaii Board of Education, filed as a class action suit on behalf of three homeless families by the American Civil Liberties Union of Hawaii Foundation or ACLU Hawaii, Kaleuati III and the other plaintiffs alleged that actions by the Board and by the DOE, the matter of contention is the discrimination that children of homeless families faced, which made it difficult for them to acquire an education on the same footing as children from families with homes. The lawsuit prospered, and in the end the DOE took the course of coming to terms with the plaintiffs and with the lot of the homeless of Hawaii via a case settlement, rather than having to face the prospect of a long-drawn legal process where the outcome seemed to in favor of the homeless families/plaintiffs (American Civil Liberties Union). The lawsuit is interesting for the way Kaleuati III and the other plaintiffs argued that although legislation exists that was supposed to protect the rights of such homeless children to access to education on par with the access given to children from families with homes, practices and decisions by the DOE and by the Board relating to the education arrangements of homeless children had the effect of circumventing the law. The effect is that by intention or not, the rights of the children to equal and effective education access were violated. The law referred to here is the so-called McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, which has the following provisions: 1) funding to support homeless children equal access to education in public schools; 2) children are to continue to go to the schools they attend at the point of homelessness; 3) children are to be enrolled right away even without required enrollment documents; 4) the DOE is to provide means of transport to homeless children even when they move to other places to seek shelter

Global and regional pricing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global and regional pricing - Research Paper Example The rationale for charging different prices, based on the specific regions, is that a particular region may demand businesses to charge a lower price for their products, while another location may require higher pricing due to the quality or reputation of the product. A person travelling from Tampa to Miami using a personal car will always discover that the price of Gasoline varies depending on the distance from the main highway, with higher prices being charged close to the highway and lower prices far away from the highway. Similarly, retail stores in the same locality may charge lower prices, for same products on the store floor, in different regions as a way of increasing sales volume from stocks that are not moving, improve store traffic or compete directly with different stores and retail chains. Differential regional pricing is therefore dependent on the popularity of the product, the competitiveness of the product and demographic characteristics of the customers in the differ ent regions. Price discrimination entails charging different prices for the same product or a variation of the same product, in different countries. Microsoft Corporation has emerged as a monopoly in the development and sell of computer software and programs. The company offers several versions of the Microsoft office program, which are priced differently, based on the various categories of consumers, including businesses, academia and personal computer users. Through price discrimination, Microsoft separates its consumers and charges different prices with the goal of capturing customer surpluses and optimizing its profit margins. Microsoft has been accused of charging different prices to the different consumers of the same product. Popa (2012) observes that Microsoft, Apple and Adobe face risks of legal proceedings due to their

A Mythical Roadmap of the Movie Cars Essay Example for Free

A Mythical Roadmap of the Movie Cars Essay The first stage of separation is the call to adventure. Followed by the refusal of the call and the crossing of a threshold. Call to Adventure: In most situations, this call becomes the subject of the story or the plot of the movie. For Lightning, he thinks his call to adventure comes over the Public Announcement System when the tie-breaking race in California is announced. While this may be the obvious choice, but I don’t think that it is. We need to look at Lightning as the potential hero and observes how he grows over the course of the journey. He doesn’t grow in skill as a driver. He ran his first race at the beginning of the movie a lot better than the race at the end. The call to adventure is not always the destination, but the road leading to the destination. The adventure is in the hero’s growth. The growth that Lightning experiences is in his ability to have and appreciate friends. As cheesy as it sounds, the call to adventure for this movie is the call to find friendship. Refusal of the Call: The refusal of the call happened during the first race when Lightning refused the help and friendship around him. Let’s admit it, Lightning was a jerk. He alienated the people who tried to help him. Three different crew chiefs quit on him during the one season he’s been racing. His arrogance at the end of the first race was so bad his entire crew quit on him. Another example of Lightnings Refusal was his initial refusal to pave the road he destroyed in Radiator Springs. It was through his paving the road that he learned the lessons of the journey. Crossing the Threshold: The symbolism of the thresholds in the movie are found in the highways that Mack and Lightning re traveling. The â€Å"Mother Road† on Route 66 is significantly more important as it is on the Mother Road that we meet the Threshold Guardian, embodied by the Sheriff. As Lightning is frantically trying to find the interstate and Mack, he speeds pas a sleepy Sheriff’s speed trap. The local sheriff begins to follow him with sirens going. Instead of stopping, Lightening goes through a chain of events throug h the forgotten town of Radiator Spring destroying the main road and other property and landing himself in jail, or the impound. This leads to the initiation phase, which can be summarized by the road of trials, the meeting with the goddess, and apotheosis. Road of Trials: The neat part of the Road of Trials step in Cars is that they are somewhat associated with an actual road, in this case, Route 66 or the Mother Road. As Lightning began to face his trails during the movie, he began by failing them. Lighting’s failure in his encounter with the threshold guardian, the Sheriff, resulted in the destruction of the road. When Doc challenged Lightning to a race, Lightning again failed due to his arrogance and lack of experience racing on dirt. The turning point on his road of trials came in the pasture where he and Mater, the local tow truck, were tipping tractors. Lightning successfully tipped all of the tractors by revving his engine. He was also successful in escaping from Frank the Combine. There, Lightning’s luck changed and he was able to fix the road, learn to race on dirt and redeem himself from his earlier failures. The Meeting with the Goddess: I had a couple of options in picking the goddess who Lightning would meet. Since Lightning is a male, I began looking at the female characters. Had the hero been a woman, I would have included the male characters in my search. One important part of identifying the Gods and Goddesses is to not get hung up on their gender but on how the character fills the role. I first went to Sally Carrera, a 2002 Porsche Carrera, as a possibility for the goddess, but I needed to remember not to confuse the romantic interest with the goddess. The goddess that Lightning has to meet needs to be associated with a trial or test that he had to pass in order to continue on his journey. The character that I identified as the goddess, was not a main character, she didn’t even have any speaking lines. The goddess was Bessie. Bessie is the name given to the road paving machine that Lightning had to drag at a snails pace to fix the road. I chose Bessie because she was the symbolic and literal obstacle that was keeping Lightning in town. To leave town, Bessie would have to be on the other end of the road with smooth pavement behind her. Lightning challenged Bessie’s role as his captor when he tried to speed up the process of fixing the road by quickly laying down the asphalt that he later had to scrape up. When Lightning was put in his place, humbled, and respectful of Bessie’s role as the goddess, he could begin to accomplish the task before him. Apotheosis: The step of apotheosis or becoming the father or god began when Lightning discovered that Doc was a retired race car. Discovering Doc’s Piston Cups and watching Doc race helped Lightning to realize that he could learn something from Doc and he quickly regretted not listening to the advice Doc previously offered. The true point of apotheosis comes during the final race when Lighting takes things learned from his time in Radiator Springs and used it to position himself for the win. This includes driving backwards using rear view mirrors and driving on the dirt infield during a spin-out that helped him take the lead. Even though he did not win the race, or the cup, as Doc had, it was Lightning’s to give up. He became the race car that Doc would be proud to know. The third and final stage of Lightning’s journey is the return, characterized by a refusal to return, the crossing of another threshold, the mastery of two worlds, and the freedom to live. The next three step follow each other in very rapid succession. The refusal came when Mack and the rest of the media came to bring Lightning back to the â€Å"real† world. Lightning didn’t want to go. He had fallen for the temptress, Sally, and was ready to abandon his journey. Luckily for him, Sally told him it was okay to go and he left, returning to the world he left behind. The magic flight out of the fantastical world in this story had been combined with the crossing of the return threshold. Mack the truck carries Lightning out of Radiator Springs and onto California. The events surrounding this is discussed a little more when we talk about crossing the return threshold. During Lightning’s stay in Radiator Springs, he became more attached to the people there. It is easy to imagine that he would give up the California race if that meant he could stay with Sally and the residents of the town. The sweet ambrosia of friendship he tasted there was more powerful that the desire to have the Piston Cup. As demonstrated in the movie, there were three aspects to this rescue from without. First is how the media was notified by Doc of Lightning’s location. Second, is Mack with the media entourage barreling into town to take Lightning away. And third, Harv the agent reminds Lighting about the Race, Dinoco, and his rival Chick Hicks. Doc, Mack, Harv, and the media each helped to rescue Lightning. Reluctantly, he allows himself to be rescued and backs into Mack’s trailer for the magic flight to California. The Crossing of the Return Threshold: In the step of crossing the return threshold, we see the return of the Sheriff in his role as the threshold guardian. He and Sally stopped Lightning from leaving by siphoning his gas tank on his first night in the impound. Later, the Sheriff almost had to go after him before Sally and Lightning went on their ride to the Wheel Well. After Lightning finishes paving the road, and thus completing his road of trials, the Sheriff changes his demeanor and is ready to give Lightning a police escort to help Lightning get to the race on time. In the Sheriff’s role as the threshold guardian, he has released Lightning from â€Å"captivity† and it is now Lightning’s â€Å"refusal to return† that is keeping him there. Lightning crosses the return threshold as he takes his magical flight in Mack’s trailer. One part of crossing the return threshold is that the fantastical world, or the world forgotten, becomes forgotten again. Lightning had become a catalyst of life and energy culminating with everyone in Radiator Springs cruising under the neon lights. When Lightning had left town, Doc finally got what he originally wanted. After a tongue lashing from Sally, Doc quietly sat there as everyone left him alone. He sat there thinking about what he had done as the neon lights turned off, one by one. The world forgotten returned to its anonymity as Doc sat on the darkened road, under the traffic light’s flashing yellow signal. Perhaps the saddest moment in the movie. Master of the Two Worlds: The second to last step in the journey is when the hero becomes the master of the two worlds. This is done by finding the ultimate boon and sharing it with those around him. Since the Ultimate boon in the gift of friendship, it is shared in two situations. First, Lightning shares his friendship to the residents of Radiator Springs when he becomes the customer of all of their stores. They share their friendship back when they show up to be his pit crew. Most notably is Doc acting as the crew chief. Lightning did not show his friendship to Doc in the same manner as he did to the others until he helped King across the finish line. Another large sharing of friendship is where he arranges for Mater to take a helicopter ride over Radiator Springs. Freedom to Live: The Freedom to live is shown primarily in the epilogue after the race. Lightning has merged his two worlds together and can now freely live in the racing world but still be with his friends, especially Sally. Lightning literally puts Radiator Springs back on the map when he moves his racing headquarters to the small town. Also, Lightning becomes a new man, or car, as shown by his new paint job, inspired by the classic 1957 Chevy. In many ways, I have found this journey to be similar to that of Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh begins his journey at home as the restless king. He soon meets his helper Enkidu and the two of them go off on their adventure to the forest to defeat Humbaba. Enkidu dies. This prompts the grief stricken Gilgamesh to cross the Threshold of Adventure to seek the answer to immortality. While in the underworld/other world Gilgamesh passes many tests before he meets Utnapishtim and his wife who help him find the magical flower of everlasting life. But Gilgamesh loses the magic plant in his Peak Experience to the trickster snake who steals immortality for itself. So Gilgamesh returns home with the boon, the understanding that immortality is reserved for the gods and that he is human. He will experience death and he realizes that he must live his life and enjoy it. So he writes down his tale to spread the word to his people. As a result, Gilgamesh’s journey comes full circle just as Lightning McQueen’s had in the movie. For this reason, I have concluded that all heroes must use the phases of the journey mentioned in this paper. Though the sequence of the steps may change, they are almost always taken.

Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Essay Example for Free

Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Essay Microeconomics is a branch of economics which deals with the study of resource allocation decisions within the confines of the sub-segments of an economy such as households and business firms (Arnold, 2010). Central to this study is an examination of how prices of goods and services in a market influence their demand and supply. Macroeconomics on the other hand deals with the study of the nature of the economy as a whole; national, regional or a global economy (Agarwal, 2007). It deals with such issues such as GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and the influences of a larger economy such as employment and inflation. The main difference is thus the scope of study since it can be argued that microeconomics is a subset of macroeconomics. Another difference is that microeconomics focuses on consumers and businesses while macroeconomics deals with industries and nations (Arnold, 2007). Additionally, microeconomics deals with the forces of demand and supply in a market while macroeconomics studies the effect of such issues as interest rates, exchange rates and employment output on a national scale. Generally, microeconomic studies take a bottom-up approach while the macroeconomic studies take a top-down approach. An example of a microeconomic phenomenon would be on pricing policies. A company may want to know what price to charge for a product they are introducing to the market. This is a microeconomic decision since to answer such a question, knowledge of the nature of market and the economic forces prevailing in it is important. One would need to study in detail the demand and supply of the commodity, utility to the consumer, competition from other suppliers and other microeconomic factors before coming up with a pricing decision. The increase in oil prices in an economy is an example of a macroeconomic phenomenon. Such price changes may be influenced by various factors which can only be explained at a macroeconomic level. The reasons could be inflation in an economy, war or political instability in a particular region of the world. A microeconomic decision made at home would be a changeover to taking tea as opposed to coffee. This is informed by an increase in the prices of coffee with no change in the level of income. The factors influencing this decision are thus the price, cost, the income level and the availability of a substitute which is tea. This therefore leads to a consumer being cushioned against price increases which would otherwise affect his economic welfare. Macroeconomic factors prevailing upon an economy affect the operations of the sub-segments of the economy. This in turn would have an effect on the economic decisions made by consumers. The macroeconomic phenomenon of increase in oil prices in the world market coupled with inflation influenced a personal decision to buy a smaller car which is fuel economical as opposed to larger cylinder capacity vehicles which consume more fuel. Such larger capacity cars are a symbol of status but are fairly expensive to maintain in light of higher oil prices. This therefore has to be foregone in light of a benefit of reduction in cost. This has led to more savings by reducing on the budget on transportation. In summary, it can be said that microeconomics and macroeconomics are two major and indeed very important fields of study in economics. They are different but interrelated and interdependent since they have certain common objects of study. Both microeconomic and macroeconomic factors are key in decision making and thus the study of both is invaluable to understanding the operations of the economy. They provide necessary tools to the understanding the generation of revenue in the business operations of firms; and the economy as a whole. References Agarwal, V. (2007). Macroeconomics. New Delhi: McDraw-Hill. Arnold, R. (2010). Microeconomics. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Melvin, M., Boyes, W. (2008). Microeconomics. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.

Stroke The Causes And Effects Health And Social Care Essay

Stroke The Causes And Effects Health And Social Care Essay In this assignment I discuss Paul who is a 65 year old male and has suffered a stroke. My aim is to explain what a stroke is, the causes and effects, and give you my understanding of how I as a Health Care Worker can help identify, meet and care for the clients needs following a stroke. For this assignment I will bring together the knowledge I have gained as a health care assistant student to date along with some research also. I have carried out my research using the internet, Irish heart foundation, stroke centre organisation, stroke.ie. My focus as a health care assistant is to explain what care my client should receive after his stroke, identify the assistance needed and give recommendations to meet his rehabilitation, to help him keep abilities and gain back lost abilities and also take care of his needs such as physical, emotional, social and intellectual needs. Introduction A stroke is caused by an interruption of the blood supply to part of the brain, the term stroke comes from the fact that it usually happens without any warning, striking the person from out of the blue (ihf.com) A stroke can happen to anyone, some people are at higher risk for different reasons such as age and family history. Other risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, being overweight, diabetes, and high cholesterol. 2 people per 1000 in the world have a stroke, people affected are mostly over the age of 60, and stroke is the 3rd leading cause of death over the age of 65yrs. (ihf.com) Paul is 65 years old and lives alone he was very active and in good health up until he suffered a stroke. Paul suffered an ischaemic stroke (a cerebral thrombosis) a cerebral thrombosis is the most common type of stroke. When Paul arrived at the hospital he was met by the stroke physician. He spent 2 days in intensive care and 4 days on the high dependency ward and is now is on a recovery ward. I the health care assistant along with the rehabilitation team in the hospital doctor, nurse, consultant, and physiotherapist etc will help assist in my clients recovery. Stroke Effects A stroke causes damage to the brain, the effects depend on the part of the brain that is affected, but every stroke is different. (stroke.ie) For some people the effects are mild and dont last long, other strokes can have severe or continued disability. The right side of the brain controls the left side of the body and vice versa. (stroke.ie) Any weakness or paralysis in the right arm can result from a stroke from the left side of the brain. The left side of the brain in the majority of people controls language, reading, talking, writing and understanding. On the right side perceptual skills (understanding what you see, hear, touch) and spatail skills (speed, position, and distance) are controlled. Paralysis happens because of damage to the area of the brain that sends messages to the limbs and balance can be affected also. Swallowing problems affect half of the people who have had a stroke, so food and liquids are harder to swallow. Communicating can affect the persons ability to use and understand language this is known as aphasia, two main communication problems are difficulty understanding the spoken word and trouble to express words. Vision can be lost on one side, if the person has weakness on the left side of the body it can be difficult to see on that side. Emotional changes ups and downs can be caused either by distress that comes from having a stroke, or changes that have happened in the brain. (stroke.ie) Changes in the brain cause mood swings, depression, anger, sadness and loss of confidence, so the patient may find it hard to control emotions and can laugh or cry for no reason. Needs Met Physical ~ some people find it difficult to keep up with leisure activities due to low mood, no motivation, a disability or low self-esteem following a stroke. While still in my care, i will help my client by keeping his abilities he has, and gain back the abilities he has lost with stroke, I will help my patient with any exercise he needs and help him become more independent. I will along with the physiotherapist will help my client get into good sitting and lying positions as this helps to prevent skin breakdown, support the weak side affected to help reduce changes in muscle tone due to inactivity, and at all times encourage my client to reach his personal goals. Hygiene ~ the care of a clients personal hygiene is very important for their health and wellbeing. I will ensure that the clients hygiene needs are met and will help my client with his daily hygiene by washing him at his bedside until he is able to get into the shower, also helping him with dressing, shaving and brushing his teeth. Nutrition ~ is very important in maintaining the clients health, and good nutrition is vital as it helps maintain body weight and keeps the cells working properly. My client Paul is left handed and is very weak on the right side so I will assist with his meals until he gains enough strength to feed himself. He has dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), so I have pureed his food to make it easier for him to swallow. There are specialised utensils that will help my client when he gains the ability to feed himself. Emotional ~ following a stroke the person is left with a sense of loss and may feel anger, fear, worry, uncertainty and rejection. I will provide Paul with psychological comfort re assuring him that he is in safe and secure surroundings, and will show him patience, understanding, empathy and encouragement supporting him always in his recovery. Aftercare Care at Home Stroke rehabilitation is the process by which a stroke survivor works with a team of health care providers with the aim of regaining as much of the function lost after a stroke as possible. (sc.org) My client will join in a comprehensive rehabilitation programme in hospital and when he leaves, this will increase his chances of recovery and help him regain a large part of his functions lost as a result of stroke. Some of the professional team involved in this will be: Physical medicine rehabilitation physicians, physiatrists take both the physical impairments and medical conditions of their patients into account and work with other health practitioners to devise treatment plans. (stroke.org) Physical therapy will help my client restore function, improve mobility, relive pain and help limit permanent disabilities and also help with maintaining overall fitness and health. Occupational therapy will help Paul with any mental, physical or emotional problems by developing his ability to pe rform tasks in his daily living surroundings, and help him recover or keep daily living and work skills. Speech therapy is a very important part of life after a stroke as aphasia disturbs the process of language and understanding due to brain damage from a stroke my client can receive this to help him gain back this ability. My client has family are able to help, and will play a vital part in the care and wellbeing that Paul will need when he goes home. They can help him by supporting and encouraging him through the different stages of his recovery. The public health nurse is part of a community care team and will provide helpful advice on managing difficulties that can happen while caring for a person in their home. She will also assess my clients needs, so that she can supply him with appropriate support services, speech therapy, physiotherapist, social worker, and home help etc. Paul can also get advice on practical aids such as walking frames, suitable beds and any other mobilit y aids my client may need. Conclusion A stroke can be a devastating and distressing experience to happen to the individual and their families, stealing the person effected of their independence, confidence, abilities and health. Stroke recovery is usually a slow process and can often take months while the brain is healing. Recovery all depends on the person and long term effects can range from mild to severe. There is a wide range of specialists that care for a stroke patient from the medical, nursing, and therapy professionals. The multi-disciplinary team give care to the person in a range of settings, ICU, general ward, and home after care. Some people are affected mildly and may not take long to recover, but in others it can leave the person with severe disabilities, paralysis, communication problems, and loss of vision, physical and emotional changes. All of the people involved aim to help the person regain the highest level of function, although after a stroke the person may depend totally on others as they can be v ery ill. The care and needs will change as their conditions may get worse or better,

Macbeth: Shakespeares Comparisons And Contrasts :: essays research papers

Macbeth: Shakespeare's Comparisons and Contrasts Throughout Macbeth Shakespeare uses comparison and contrast to bring out characteristics of his main character, Macbeth. Shakespeare uses comparison with Duncan, Lady Macbeth, and Banquo to bring out aspects of Macbeth's character. After hearing of Macbeth's courageousness on the battlefield, Duncan, a good and honest king, bestows the tittle of Cawdor on Macbeth. The king then proclaims his son Malcom to be Prince of Cumberland, in effect designating him as successor to the throne of Scotland. This dramatic announcement of Duncan's chosen successor marks the beginning of an ironic story. It is at this point in the play that we, the audience, become fully aware of Macbeth's intentions to murder the king. Duncan hails Macbeth as his "worthiest cousin" and blindly entrusts his fate to one whom he considers his "peerless kinsman." Shakespeare concentrates on Macbeth's courage so that he can contrast it later on with the terror and panic of Macbeth's psychological anguish. Lady Macbeth will stop at nothing -not even murder- to satisfy her driving ambition. She worries that Macbeth is "too full of the milk of human kindness" to go after the throne. She wants to be tough and begs the spirits to "unsex me here." Macbeth, on the other hand, hesitates to murder Duncan for several reasons. Among these reasons the earthly consequences frighten him the most. How would his new subjects react? Would the kingdom disrupt in chaos? Furthermore Macbeth cannot escape present punishment if he fails. We see Lady Macbeth's persuasiveness producing a new courage in her husband and that courage is manly enough to perform murder. Therefore, Macbeth has no reasons for murdering Duncan except for his "vaulting ambition," his lust for power. Throughout the play we see Lady Macbeth's and Macbeth's conscience, or lack of, change places. Macbeth transformed from having a guilt ridden conscience to having no conscience what so ever. However, Lady Macbeth changes from having no conscience at all to becoming so guilt ridden that she took her own life. Like Macbeth, Banquo is courageous.

Theme of The Country of the Blind Essay -- H. G. Wells

H. G. Wells uses ethnocentrism as a strong device in the short story ‘The Country of the Blind’ to generate the central conflict and to convey the theme: the perils of that deadly combination of stubbornness and blindness. The people of the country of the blind have been isolated from the outside world for fifteen generations, making it hard for them to easily accept the truth and facts about the real world. An accidental fall while climbing a mountain leaves Nunez stuck in a valley, which turns out to be the country of the blind. Nunez, the seeing protagonist, after discovering the citizens are ‘blind’, expects this to be an adventure and eventually came up with an idea to be the king, since he can ‘see’. The idea of ruling the country of the blind evokes the ethnocentrism within Nunez and the blind people. Both, Nunez and the blind people refuse to accept new beliefs and values at first. But as compilations built up, Nunez accepts the way of life and traditions but not the beliefs. Nunez encounters the first ethnocentric conflict unexpectedly when the first three blind men ‘disc...

The Beatles :: Essay on The Beatles

The Beatles It was new! It was wild! It was weird! But for the 60'8, it was fabulous! On February 12, 1964 in old Camegie Hall, the place in New York where classical musicians played, there was music history being made that day by four young musicians. Their music was loud. It came thundering out of the electric amplifiers that was drowned out by screams of fans! The musicians emerged on the scene like fireworks! Thousands of teenagers packed Carnegie Hall. They squealed, groaned, howled and stamped their feet until the old building shook! Outside stood crowds of young people trying to catch a glimpse of the new sound that was emerging fl-om the old building. The sign outside of Carnegie Hall said: THE BEATLES Puzzled adults were asking, "Who are the Beatles?" and "What are the Beatles?" They would soon find out. A quartet of extraordinarily talented British musicians whom John Lennon started as "The Quarryrnen". They were working class heros, all born in Liverpool, England. Paul McCartney joined in 1957, George Harrison in 1958 and Ringo Star in 1962. One of the guitarist in the group, John Lennon (October 9, 1940-December 8,1980) was born to Fred and Julia Lennon who divorced when John was three. He was brought up by his Aunt Mimi and Uncle George. John hated school, discipline and the teachers who always abused him. Even though he was often in trouble, it did not mean he did everything bad. He was sent at the age of 16 to Liverpool Art College where he first heard Elvis Presley sing " Heart Break Hotel'. From that day on music was everything to John. His first group started in 1955 and was named, "The Quanymen". There were several different individuals in the band. John married Yoko Ono in 1969. On December 8, 1980, John and Yoka were leaving their New York City apartment, when 25 year old Mark David Chapman shot and killed John Lennon. James Paul McCartney was born June 8, 1942 to Mary and Jim McCartney, who was a cotton salesman during the day and a jazz musicians at night. Paul grew up with music and joined the band in 1961. John Lennon and Paul wrote and sang most of the Beatles songs. They eventually established themselves as the most popular song writing team in rock history. George Harrison was born February 25, 1943 to Mr .and Mrs. Harold Harrison, a bus At a young age, George showed his independent nature by wearing jeans and growing his hair long. George's strict parents soon toned down his rebellion.

The Fall of Mughal Empire

The fall of Mughal Empire Under Aurangzeb’s successors the decay of empire was hastened by several causes and the spirit of lawlessness rampant throughout the land. In such circumstances ruin of Mughal Empire was inevitable. Aurangzeb, as a ruler of India proved to be a failure. He hardly realised that the greatness of an empire depends on the progress of its people as a whole, largely owing to the emperor’s each of political foresight. The symptoms of the integration of Mughal Empire appeared before he left the world.His successors only hastened the process of decay. Disintegration of the Mughal Empire The death of Aurangzeb on the 3rd March, 1707, was a signal for the disintegration of the mighty Mughal Empire, which dazzled the contemporary world by its extensive territories, military might and cultural achievements. The reign of Aurangzeb was the swan-song of the Mughal rule in India. No sooner had he breathed his last then his three sons Muazam, Muhammad Azam and M uhammad Khan Baksh entered into bitter oratorical quarrels for the possession of the throne of Delhi.While nine Mughal Emperors followed one another in quick succession in the fifty years following the death of Aurangzeb, many adventurers Indian and foreign carved out independent principalities for themselves. Mughal government of Oudh, Bengal and the Deccan freed themselves from the control of the Central Government. The Hindu powers found the time opportune for assertion of their independence. Invaders from the North-West repeated their incursions in search of wealth and the European trading companies interfered in Indian Politics.In spite of all these external and internal dangers, dissolution process of the Central structure of the great Mughal Empire was slow and long drawn out process. BajiRao’s raid of Delhi(1773) and Nadir Shah’s invasion(1739) exposed the hollowness of the Mughal Empire and by 1740 the fall of the empire was an accomplished fact. Among the var ious causes responsible for decline and the downfall of the great Empire the following deserve special mention: 1. Aurangzeb’s responsibility. The expansion of the Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb resembled an inflated balloon. The empire has expanded beyond the point of effective control.Its vastness in the absence of developed means of communication tended to weaken the centre instead of strengthening it. The emperor’s religious policy provoked a general discontent in the country and the empire was faced with rebellions of the Sikhs, the Jats, the Bundelas, the Rajputs and above all the Marathas. Aurangzeb only created enemies. His narrow bigoted religious policy turned the Rajputs, a reliable supporter of the Imperial dynasties into foes. He re-imposed â€Å"Jeiza† on the Hindus which led to the rising of the Satnamis, Bundelas and the Jats. The Sikhs rose against the empire paralysing Imperial administration in the Punjab.The Hindu resistance in the Maharashtra assumed a national character. The Maratha guerrillas demoralised the splendid armies of Aurangzeb, broke their spirit of superiority and wore them out. One of the strongest reasons of the annexation of the Shia Kingdoms of Bijapur and Golconda was religious. The conquest of these Muslim kingdoms of the south removed the strongest local check on Maratha activities and left them free to organise resistance of Mughal Imperialism. Aurangzeb’s mistaken policy of war in the Deccan which continued for twenty seven years drained the resources of the empire.The rulers of Bijapur and Golconda were Shias and for a fanatical Sunni like Aurangzeb there was no place for them in India. The annexation of these States was a blunder. He should have followed a buffer-state policy towards these kingdoms. He should have subordinated his religious zeal to statesmanship. If he had helped these states against the Marathas, he would have been able to keep the latter in check with much less expense a nd waste of energy. After the annexation of Bijapur and Golconda, Aurangzeb tried to crush the power of the Marathas; Sambhaji the son of Shivaji was captured and put to death.His son Sahu was also made a prisoner. However the Marathas carried on their struggle against the Mughal under the leadership of Raja Ram and Tara Bai. When Aurangzeb died in 1707, the power of the Marathas was not still crushed. They were stronger than before. Well I think, â€Å"The Deccan was the grave of his reputation as well as of his body†. He had to remain a way from the capital for a quarter of a century. The result was that the whole of the administration went out of gear. There was confusion everywhere. The provincial Governors did not send the land revenue to Central Government.At a time when money was needed for Deccan war, very little was coming from the provinces. No wonder when Bahadur Shah succeeded to the throne, the treasury was empty. After the death of Aurangzeb various provinces be came independent of the Central authority. Oudh became independent under Saadat Khan Bengal, Bihar and Orissa became independent under AlivardiKhan. Asaf Jat Nizam-ul-Mulk became indepent in the Deccan. The Rohillas became independent in Rohilkhand. The Rajputs also asserted their independence. Thus, gradually the Mughal empire broke up.The failure of Aurangzeb in the Deccan wars destroyed the military prestige of the Mughals. Too much of expenditure made the Mugahl government bankrupt. The Deccan wars can rightly be called the ‘Ulcer’ which destroyedthe Mughal Empire. Weak Successors of Aurangzeb Aurangzeb died in 1707 and before his death he left a will by which he portioned his empire among his three sons. Inspite of this a bitter fratricidal war took place among the three princes for the throne. Muazzam was the ruler of Kabul and the Punjab, Muhammad Azim the second son was the ruler of the deccan. Prince Muazzam came to the throne after defeating his brothers.The M ughal system of government being despotic much depended on the personality of the emperor. Under a strong emperor all went well but the succession of a weak emperor was reflected in every filed administration. Unfortunately all the succession after Aurangzeb were weaklings and quite incapable to meet the challenges from within and without far from stemming the tide of decline, they arranged the situation by their idiosyncrasies and lacks morals. Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712) was 69 at the time of his succession to the throne and was too old to maintain the prestige of the empire.He liked to appease all parties by profuse by grants of titles and rewards. Jahandar Shah (1712-1713) the next in succession was a luxury profligate fool. Farrukh Siyar (1713-1719) was a contemptible coward. Mohammad Shah (1719-1748) spent most of the time watching animal fights. He was nicknamed â€Å"Rangila† for his addiction to wine and women. During his rule Nadir Shah attacked Delhi and Subedars be came independent. Ahmad Shah (1748-1754) excelled his predecessors in his sensual pursuits. He was unable to cope successfully with the disintegration forces that had grown so alarming on all sides.The empire was reduced to a small district round Delhi. The emperor was deposed and blinded in 1754 by the ‘wasir’. He was succeeded by Alamgir II and he was succeeded by Shah Alum who came under British and Maratha protection. Such weak and imbecile Emperors could hardly act as worthy custodians of public interests or maintain the integrity of the empire. Degeneration of Mughal Nobility When Mughal came to India they had hardly a character. Too much of wealth, luxury and leisure softened their character. Their ‘harems’ became full. They got wine in plenty.They went in palanquins to the battlefield. Such nobles were not fit to fight against the Marathas, the Rajputs and Jats and the Sikhs. The Mughal nobility degenerated at a very rapid pace. The Mughals nobility was taken from the Turks, the Afghan and the Persians and the climate of India was not very suitable for their growth. They began to degenerate during their stay in India. Ruddy warriors in boots, became pale persons in petticoats : â€Å"Where wealth accumulates men decay; And disloyalty on the empire did pray† We have a significant example of the moral degeneration of the Mughal peerage.The Prime Minister’s grandson Mirza Tafakh-kjur used to sally worth from the mansion in Delhi, with his ruffians plunder the shops in the bazars, kidnap Hindu women passing through the public streets in litters or going to the river to dishonour them; and yet there was no judge strong enough to punish him, no police to prevent such crimes. Every time such an occurrence was brought to the Emperor’s notice by the news letters or official reports, he referred it to the prime minister and did nothing more. Court Factions Broadly speaking, the nobles were ranged in two parties.Thos e two were children of the soil or the Indo-Muslim party. To this group belonged the Afghan nobles, the Sayyeds of Barha and Khan-i-Dauran whose ancestors came from Badakhastan. These Indian Muslims depended mostly on the help of their Hindu compatriots. The foreign nobles of diverse origin, opposed as a class to the members of the Hindustani party; were indiscriminately called Mughals. They were sub-divided into two groups according to the land of their origin. Those who came from Transoxiano and other parts of central Asia and were mostly of Sunni, persuasion formed the Turkani party.The most prominent members of this group was Mohammed Amin Khan and his Cousin Chin-Qillich Khan better known as the Nizam-ul-Mulk. The Irani party was composed of those who hailed for the Persian territories and were Shias. The most important members of the Irani party were Asad Khan and Zulfiqar Khan, the king maker. These were mere factions and were not like modern political parties. Their members had no common principle of action among themselves except of self-interest and no firm party allegiance. They fought battles, upsetting the peace of the country and throwing administration to dogs.Even in the face of foreign danger these hostile groups could not forge a united front and often intrigued with invadors. Defective Law of Succession The absence of the law of primogeniture among the Mughals usually meant a war of succession among the sons of the dying Emperor in which the military leaders of the times took sides. â€Å"The sword was the grand arbiter of right and every son was prepared to try his fortune against his brothers† Such a system though not commendable was not without its advantages. It provided the country with the ablest son of the dying emperor as the ruler. Demoralization in the Mughal ArmyThe abundance of riches of India, the use of wine and comforts had very evil effects on the Mughal army. Nothing was done to stop the deterioration. The soldiers ca red more for their personal comforts and less for winning battles. The importance of the Mughal armies was declared to the world when they failed to conquer Balkh and Badakhashar in the time of Shah Jahan. Likewise the failure of Shah Jahan to recapture Kandar inspite of three determined efforts proved to the world that the military machine of the Mughal had become imporatant. In 1739 Nadir Shah not only murdered the people of Delhi but also ordered their wholesale massacre.When such a thing is done by a foreigner, it only proves that the existing government is helpless. Such a government forfeits the right to exact allegiance from the people as it fails to protect life and property of the people. There were inherent defects in Mughal military system. The army was organised more or less on the feudal basis where the common soldier owed allegiance to the mansabdar rather than the Emperor. The soldier looked upon the mansabdar as their chief, not an officer. The defects of this system though evident enough in revolts of Bairam Khan and Mahabat Khan assumed alarming proportions under the later Mughal Kings. Only forced by need does he came out of the moat His army best knows how to turn from the fight; The Infantry – afraid to the barber that shaves; The Cavalry – fall off from their beds in their sleep; But in a dream – they see their mount frisk†. Economic Bankruptcy After the death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire faced financial bankruptcy. The Deccan wars ruined the finances of the empire. The marches of the Imperial army damaged crops in Deccan while the beasts of burden ate away all the standing crops and greenery. Whatever little was left was destroyed by the Marathas Raiders.There was dislocation of trade and industry. Extravagant expenditure was a crushing burden upon the resources of the country. Nature of the Mughal State The Mughal government was essentially a police government and confined its attention mainly to the mainta inance of internal and external order and collection of revenue. The Mughals failed to effect a fusion between the Hindus and Muslims, an create a composite nation. All laudable efforts made by Akbar in this direction were undone by the bgotry of Aurangzeb and his successors.

The Financial Crisis of 2008

This paper explores the factors, which caused the recent financial crisis of 2008. Furthermore this paper will explain how the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) monetary policies and the Federal Government’s fiscal policies are crucial in limiting and perhaps eliminating future catastrophes.The Financial Crisis of 2008Factors and PreventionThe financial crisis of 2008 is widely considered the worst financial crisis, since the Great Depression (Pendrey, 2009). The repercussions of the crisis were mind-boggling, and unfortunately for many, it was life altering. Families lost their houses, their jobs, and in many cases, they lost their entire life savings. Furthermore, neither businesses nor banks escaped the massacre. The financial crisis not only devastated the United States, it also had far reaching worldwide consequences. The global economy suffered, as a result of what was happening here.The devastation was so severe, that the economy has yet to fully recover. To make matters e ven more frustrating, Sewell Chan of the New York Times explained, â€Å"The 2008 financial crisis was an â€Å"avoidable† disaster caused by widespread failures in government regulation, corporate mismanagement and heedless risk-taking by Wall Street†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2011). This paper will attempt to discuss the factors, which led to the crisis, and perhaps more importantly, attempt to provide courses of action, which would prevent similar incidents in the future.DiscussionIn the years that led up to the financial crisis, seemingly everyone who could fog a mirror could get a home loan. These loans were often much more than the borrower could ever possibly afford to pay back. The government commission, which investigated the crisis, believes one of the main factors causing the financial crisis was the Federal Reserve’s and other regulators  failure to recognize the poisonous combination of careless mortgage loans, in addition to the packaging and sale of loans to inve stors and risky bets on securities backed by the subprime loans (Chan, 2011).The previous statements are best summarized, when Leon Hadar, a research fellow in foreign policy studies, opines in his Cato Institute commentary, â€Å"The housing boom and bust that precipitated the crisis were facilitated by extremely loose monetary policy.† (2009).Faulty monetary policies are not alone in the blame, however. The Federal Government’s shoddy fiscal policy also played a role. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, also known as the Financial Modernization Act of 1999, repealed the injunction on the collaboration between investment and commercial banking established by the New Deal-era Glass-Steagall Act’s of 1932 and 1933. According to Hadar, this policy also proved dreadful. He states the Act, â€Å"†¦caused the crisis by clearing the way for investment and commercial banks to merge, and thus giving investment banks the incentive to take greater risks, while reducing the amount of equity they are required to hold against any given dollar of assets.† (2009).Not surprisingly, the incompetency and, in some cases, illegal actions of corporate management, in addition to Wall Street’s propensity to risk, also contributed to the 2008 financial meltdown. The US government’s official report, on the financial crisis, concluded, â€Å"several financial industry figures may have broken the law in the run-up to the crisis.† (Rushe, 2011). Furthermore, risk taking is an every day occurrence with Wall Street. Charles Ferguson pulls no punches with respect to Wall Street’s share of the blame, in an online article.The article titled â€Å"Heist of the century: Wall Street’s roll in the financial crisis† orates, â€Å"It is no exaggeration to say that since the 1980s, much of the global financial sector has become criminalised, creating an industry culture that tolerates or even encourages systematic fraud. The behavio ur that caused the mortgage bubble and financial crisis of 2008 was a natural outcome and continuation of this pattern, rather than some kind of economic accident.† (2012). SolutionWith the previous factors given, one might wonder how to prevent another  financial crisis from occurring. Costas Markides provides a very reasonable thesis in my opinion. In a Bloomberg.com blog, which addresses actions needed to avoid the next predicament, Markides contemplates, â€Å"If you want to change how people behave, don’t tell them. Instead, change the underlying environment that produced their â€Å"bad† behavior in the first place.† (2012). In other words, it is human nature to demand punishment and thereby obtaining a sense of instant gratification. To prevent future financial calamities, however, it is wise to address the underlying causes and understand what went wrong.Although there can never be a hundred percent solution to managing the national economy to su ch an extent that there will never be another crisis, the needed adjustments seem to lay at the feet of the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy and the Federal Government’s fiscal policy. The Fed addressed one major cause of the financial crisis by implementing much needed regulations regarding mortgage loans and requiring proof of borrowers ability to pay the loan back (Warner, 2013).The Government, on the other hand, initiated mass government spending in order to stimulate the economy. Both the Fed and the Federal Government need to tighten regulations, but perhaps more importantly, they need to act more quickly and decisively to limit, or even more optimistically, prevent the next financial crisis. Mark Thoma of CBS best summarized this point by stating, â€Å"This disaster could have been prevented by a strong regulatory response, but the belief that markets would self-regulate†¦ led to a regulatory hands-off approach†¦ The hands-off regulatory approach wa s a mistake.† (2009).SummaryIn summary, it is clear that the financial crisis of 2008 was caused by errant monetary and fiscal policies. Furthermore, there was a delayed reaction by both the Fed and the Federal Government, which was caused by a hands-off regulatory approach. In the future, the Fed and the Federal Government need to act more decisively and promptly to better steer the economy away from a downward trending economy. Both the monetary and fiscal policies are vital to the ongoing recovery and future growth of the country’s economy.

Norton Lily

PHASE 1 OF THE TURNAROUND : Building The Foundation Jim Burton set about analyzing the business with an emphasis on quick wins that would contribute to developing the long-term â€Å"execution† foundation. * He was dealing with seasoned industry veterans, each with deaply held beliefs and paradigms about the business – how it had been and should be run. In an effort to build confidence and gain acceptance among his senior peers ( it had to be an incremental approach) * With encouragement and support of the owner, burton first formed an executive committee of nine, including the five business unit.The objective in forming executives committee was to begin decentralizing the decision making process away from the two owner. ( The owners not actively participate in committee sessions, but would instead attend summary reviews, at the conclusion of each meeting, to provide counsel and advice ) * He was to transform the company and build the sustainable growth platform the own er wanted Identifying and Understanding Value Creating Processes Burton focused on its execution and on helping Norton Lilly’s executives understand the key processes that enabled good strategy execution and value creation. Burton first launced process mapping in the linier group, which operated in eight different US offices * At the time, the liner division offered a fragmented mix of services across its eight location, with each location performing some activities more effectively than other location and all location failing to provide adequate service in some regard * By late 2007, mapping the key processes involved in delivering each type of service had helped management and employee understanding of processes led to improved process standardization, end administrative procedures that duplicated work, improved costumer satisfaction, and penalties * By the end of 2007, Burton had assigned responbility for achieving KPI goals to individual managers and supervisor overseeing specific value creating process within the liner division Implementing a Balanced Scorecard Performance Measurement System Accompanying the KPI’s rollout was a balanced scorecard, wich further focused managerial employees attention on the performace of value creating process. Metrics included in the balance scorecard system used at Norton Lilly included process KPI’s. costumer satisfaction and financial performance * In late 2007 Norton Lilly’s balance scorecard system was expanded to included a â€Å" dashboard† of performance indicators that could provide overview of business unit level * The dashboard contained : * Revenue compared to budget * Expense groupings compared to budget * Capital expenditures compared to budget Top 10 Costumer profitability * By the end of 2007 Norton Lilly business unit leaders were holding monthlymeetings to review KPI status and propose corrective action to resolve differences between expectations and actual performance R esource Allocation Policies Other foundation building actions undertaken in 2007 included in the initation of various policy changes. One such policy change involved the company’s capital outlay policy, which was the first new policy established by the executive committee. * The capital outlay policy came about after Burton discovered that the company had variously launched into a number of ventures without much success. The policy called for a nine step due diligence process, that nine steps were as follows: 1. Description of the opportunity 2. Description of how the opportunity fit with Norton Lilly’s objectives 3. Assessment of the competitive threats 4. Assessment of the competitive landscape 5. How success whouldbe ensured 6. Proposed exit strategy 7. Business case 8. Financila pro forma 9. List of major assumtions and risk * The capital outlay policy would ensure that decision to entef into any business venture would be fully vetted, based on fact, not opinions B uilding Managerial Talent Throught out 2007 Norton Lilly focused on another important foundation building element management development. * Burton introduced a leadership evelopment program that matched a person’s profile to a job, the program was based on the fundamental premise that managerial employees could be classified into one of four basic profil; stategist, project director, networker or external qualifier * After being tested and profiled, the 20 highest-rangking employees at Norton lilly entered into workshops directed at helping members of the management team interpreteach profile and respect and deal effectively with differing profiles PHASE II OF THE TURNAROUND REINFORCING THE FOUNDATION The effort undertaken during Phase 1 of Norton Lilly’s turnaround had produced a profitable fiscal 2007, which was the company’s first profitable year since 2003. Improving Information Used for Decision Making Dashboard were also expanded to all of Norton Lillyâ₠¬â„¢s business units.Linerm Ship services, and Overseas. As well as the addiction of Financial measures such as cash flow and accounts receivable KPI’s Changing Financial Performance Expectations Burton initiated another policy change in 2008, although less a stated policy than a mindset. * The concept of value creation was introduced at an executive committee meeting in late 2007 and became the basis for all 2008 budgeting * The concept of earning a fair rate of return based on assumed risk didn’t exist at Norton Lilly, so as apart of the 2008 budgeting exercise each business unit leader was given a margin target A NEW APPROACH TO FORCASTING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE Provide continual refreshing of the assumptions underlying the forecast * Provide the company a continual look at its next 12 months, regardless of how many months were left in the calendar year The move to rolling forecast helpd managers improve forecasting accuracy to the extent that the company missed its financial projections. TAHAP 1 DARI TURNAROUN : Membangun Pondasi Jim Burton berurusan dengan veteran industri berpengalaman, masing-masing dengan keyakinan dipegang dan paradigma tentang bisnis – bagaimana hal itu telah dan harus dijalankan. Dalam upaya untuk membangun kepercayaan dan mendapatkan penerimaan di antara rekan seniornya (itu harus pendekatan inkremental)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dengan dorongan dan dukungan dari owner, Burton pertama membentuk executive committee of nine, termasuk lima bisnis unit. Tujuan dalam membentuk executive committee adalah untuk mulai desentralisasi proses pengambilan keputusan dari kedua owner . owner tidak aktif berpartisipasi dalam sesi komite, melainkan akan menghadiri summary review, pada akhir / kesimpulan setiap pertemuan, untuk memberikan nasihat dan saran)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jim Burton mengubah perusahaan dan membangun sustainable growth platform Mengidentifikasi dan Memahami Value Creating Processes Burton berfokus pada p elaksanaannya dan membantu Norton Lilly’s executives memahami key process yang memungkinkan strategi eksekusi yang baik dan penciptaan nilai. Burton pertama meluncurkan proses pemetaan pada kelompok kapal , yang beroperasi di delapan kantor yang berbeda o   Ã‚  Ã‚  Pada saat itu, divisi kapal menawarkan berbagai pelayanan terfragmentasi di delapan lokasi, dengan masing-masing lokasi melakukan beberapa kegiatan yang lebih efektif daripada lokasi lain. an lokasi semua gagal untuk memberikan layanan yang memadai dalam hal tertentu   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pada akhir 2007, pemetaan key process yang terlibat dalam memberikan setiap jenis layanan telah membantu manajemen dan karyawan memahami proses untuk memperbaiki proses standarisasi, mengakhiri prosedur administrative yang tidak efektif , meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Pada akhir tahun 2007, Burton diberi tanggung jawab untuk mencapai tujuan KPI untuk manajer individu dan supervisor mengawasi spesicific value creating proce ss dalam divisi kapal Menerapkan Kinerja Balance Scorecard Sistem Pengukuran Seimbang Sistem balanced scorecard fokus ke perhatian manajerial karyawan pada performance value creating process.Metrik yang termasuk dalam sistem balance scorecard digunakan di Norton Lilly termasuk proses KPI kepuasan pelanggan dan kinerja keuangan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pada akhir tahun 2007 sistem balance scorecard Norton Lilly diperluas untuk memasukkan â€Å"dashboard† indikator kinerja yang dapat memberikan gambaran tingkat unit bisnis o   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dashboard berisi: Pendapatan dibandingkan dengan anggaran Pengelompokan Expence dibandingkan dengan anggaran   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pengeluaran modal dibandingkan dengan anggaran   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Top 10 Costumer profitabilitas Pada akhir tahun 2007 para pemimpin unit bisnis Lilly Norton memegang monthlymeetings untuk meninjau status KPI dan mengusulkan tindakan korektif untuk mengatasi perbedaan antara harapan dan kine rja aktual Alokasi sumber daya Kebijakan Tindakan membangun pondasi lainnya dilakukan pada tahun 2007 termasuk dalam inisiasi perubahan berbagai kebijakan.Salah satu perubahan kebijakan tersebut melibatkan kebijakan pengeluaran modal perusahaan, yang merupakan kebijakan baru pertama kali didirikan oleh komite eksekutif. Kebijakan pengeluaran modal muncul setelah Burton menemukan bahwa perusahaan telah meluncurkan beberapa usaha tanpa banyak keberhasilan. Kebijakan menyerukan sembilan langkah due diligence process karena sembilan langkah tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Deskripsi kesempatan 2. Deskripsi bagaimana kesempatan fit dengan Norton Lilly objectives 3. Penilaian terhadap ancaman kompetitif 4. Penilaian terhadap kompetitif landscape 5. Bagaimana keberhasilan bias dipastikan 6. Usulan exit strategy 7. Kasus bisnis 8. Financial pro forma 9. Daftar asumsi utama dan resikoKebijakan pengeluaran modal akan memastikan bahwa keputusan untuk masuk ke setiap usaha bisnis akan sepenu hnya diperiksa, berdasarkan fakta, bukan pendapat Membangun Bakat Manajerial Norton Lilly terfokus pada perkembangan foundation building elemen management development yang lain   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Burton memperkenalkan program pengembangan kepemimpinan menyesuaikan profil seseorang sesuai dengan pekerjaannya , program ini didasarkan pada premis dasar bahwa karyawan manajerial dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam salah satu dari empat profil dasar; stategist, direktur proyek, networker atau eksternal kualifikasi   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Setelah diuji dan diprofilkan, 20-rangking karyawan yang tertinggi di Norton lilly engadakan workshop diarahkan untuk membantu anggota tim manajemen saling memahami, menghormati dan menangani secara efektif. FASE II DARI TURNAROUND: Memperkuat Pondasi Upaya yang dilakukan selama fase 1 dari turnaround Norton Lilly telah menghasilkan fiskal tahun 2007 yang menguntungkan, yang mana ini menjadi tahun pertama yang menguntungkan perusahaan sejak tahun 2003 . Meningkatkan Informasi Digunakan untuk Pengambilan Keputusan Dashboard juga diperluas ke semua unit bisnis Norton Lilly. Serta penambahan ukuran finansial seperti arus kas dan rekening yang piutang KPI Mengubah Harapan Kinerja Keuangan Burton memulai lagi perubahan kebijakan pada tahun 2008, walaupun kurang kebijakan dinyatakan dari pola pikir.Konsep penciptaan nilai diperkenalkan pada pertemuan komite eksekutif pada akhir 2007 dan menjadi dasar bagi semua penganggaran 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Konsep a fair rate of return berdasarkan risiko diasumsikan tidak ada di Norton Lilly, sehingga terpisah dari budgeting exercise 2008 masing-masing pimpinan unit bisnis diberi target marjin Pendekatan baru untuk peramalan kinerja keuangam Meng-udate atau refresh terus-menerus asumsi yang mendasari forcasting   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Memberikan perusahaan melihat terus-menerus pada 12 bulan berikutnya, terlepas dari berapa bulan yang tersisa di tahun kalender. Hal tersebut membantu manajer meningkatkan akurasi peramalan saat perusahaan membutuhkan proyeksi keuangan.