Complexity of Construction Techniques and Typology

COMPLEXITY OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES AND TYPOLOGY The edifices have become more complex in the modern universe. This grade of complexness is a derived function of an iconic image or most significantly the intent it serves. Different typologies demand different attack in footings of construction and aesthetics, the latter being a major driving factor in modern edifices. Nowadays, many of them have high grades of electrical and mechanical installings, employ sophisticated construction systems and serve changing demands of several terminal users. This grade of complexness differs among laypersons, interior decorators, undertaking directors and building directors. Six cardinal steps of the complexness can be building construction and map, building methodological analysis, the urgency of the undertaking agenda, edifice size/ graduated table, geological conditions and neighbouring environment. Hence, the complexness of edifice undertakings is defined as a typical of edifice undertakings that are convoluted, multifaceted, and composed of m any interlinked parts. Though the complexness can’t be enumerated but taking different edifice typologies into consideration it can be viewed in signifier of proficient complexness of undertaking, sum of convergences and inter dependences in building phases, undertaking organisation, and capriciousness of work at site. The degree of complexness was non different in the common edifices of yesteryear. The nature and sum of hazard was mitigated by repeat of same edifice signifiers for different typologies with building procedure being same in footings of stuffs and techniques and the promotion in engineering was implemented in an incremental mode. The monumental graduated table of the Roman cathedrals, the pyramid, the Grecian temples and the mighty Taj Mahal underwent a complex process of building which evolved as a form with clip. For case, the steps for doing Taj Mahal stable on the Bankss of the Yamuna River the foundation was taken deep plenty to bear the colossal construction. Different typologies of the edifices demanded different graduated table but the nature of building technique was same unlike the present context where options for taking a edifice stuff and the manner are countless. Taking redevelopment of the old heritage edifices into context and besides taking into history the fact of t ransition taking to typology alteration in a child or major manner, the installing of service line and transforming the support system pose strong jobs. The installing of retrofit air conditioning in the edifices and risk-prediction upon refurbished activities are the jobs which are greater than the affected faced of the edifice. The shutting of the gap made for the natural airing to obtain an enclosed infinite further increase the complexnesss. The modern progresss in different typology whether a residential, an institutional or an industrial forced people to look at the construction in a different manner. The perceptual experience of modern edifices has changed over the span of last century. Construction techniques have drastically changed with the inclusion of modern comfortss which have become an inevitable demand. Electrification, air conditioning, composite buildings, drape walls, fire protection, structural damping, automatic controls, computing machine webs and high public presentation glazing are some of them. While choosing the support system and the stuffs the demand for them being taken into consideration is high. They may change for same edifice constituents of the different typologies. For case roofing system for a commercial built signifier varies from that of a residential to commercial and industrial built signifier. In footings of modern building four chief beginnings of complexness are as follows: Refined edifice constituents: For centuries, steel, concrete, wood have been used for centuries as a base stuff since ages. Fabrication of constituents from these stuffs has gone through infinite transmutations. Architecturally in complex edifices today, these stuffs are frequently required to presume 3-dimensional geometries that can non be adequately described with planar programs and subdivisions. In add-on, they need to run into structural and environmental public presentation. Criteria. Driven by the handiness of inexpensive computing machine power and by the pressing demand to conserve resources about any system can be automatically controlled from window blinds to electrical lighting. This system seems to simplify the building procedure but the complexness may non be altered wholly. With greater understanding come more specialisation and frequently more elaborate and complex ordinance. Virtually any signifier can be erected provided it can be made to stand up. The lone restraints on this are aesthetic in footings of beat and economic ( where the repeatability of elements can give important cost nest eggs in fiction ) . The three key quality demands are as follows: Glass has recently been established as a charming stuff since it provides transparence and flow. But, building and managing troubles make glass vulnerable stuff excessively. Initially glass was a symbol of these institutional edifices but in the modern universe glass has established itself as a major driving force in finding the destiny of construction. Glass now non merely is a facade covering component but besides has its varied usage. For case laminated glass is used in flooring every bit good, with the repairing techniques being farther composite in nature. Discoursing a national and an international illustration: I.M. Pei’s invention at the Louvere in Paris divides sentiment aggressively, but, it has decidedly improved things for visitants to this really busy museum who can line up under shadiness. This shadowing factor can be achieved by the agencies of Teflon or PVC awning for little infinites. This material choice would hold besides been based upon the strength of lumi nosity required in the needed infinite. So the graduated table affairs in footings of edifice stuffs and hence raises its complexness. Even for the residential infinites fanlights are most likely beginning of indirect visible radiation into the built signifier and associated with this are the installing and care factor which have to be taken attention of in big commercial infinites like promenades. In another illustration of national importance, Infosys block, Mysore designed by Hafiz contractor: jagged frontages and lopsided fragment manner aesthetics of the package development block. There are no concrete walls in the lift. Laminated glass, dual glazing and ceramic frit glass have been used to organize the outer tegument of this construction. Each lift of this edifice undertakings a alone face. The stairwaies inside are steel, maintaining with the image of the edifice. In such illustration of institutional edifices Prefabricated stuffs have been encouraged due to less handiness of building clip period and several other restraints. Commercial typologies avoid utilizing concrete due to several jobs in past like stain, grading, maddening, checking and curving. The clip factor of building with mention to these prefabricated elements has drastically reduced but at the same clip disadvantages of prefabrication includes: inflexibleness towards alteration in design, joinery and escape, higher initial building cost since, cost is an instrumental factor in make up one's minding the complexness of building and trappings for any typology of edifice. For illustration in instance of any industrial godown or warehouses for put ining a corrugated roofing of GI sheet structural frame work need non be aesthetically appealing but in instance of the same roofing at a resort the construction layout of trussing is taken into consideration in order to accomplish aesthetically sound system, which straight amplifies th e cost factor and farther complexness may increase in footings of silent person supports or laid out projections and pillars. Apart from general building format iconic formats are larger aesthetics concentric. This monumental graduated table can’t conceal the complexness associated with it ; its public presentation standards and long tally are an issue excessively. The Valencia Opera House designed by the Spanish designer Santiago Calatrava took 14 old ages for completion. The edifice described as â€Å"a blend of seagoing vas and spacecraft† or even â€Å"a elephantine warrior’s helmet† is a chef-d'oeuvre of modern architecture. The building required over 77,000m? of concrete, 275,000m? of Earth motion, 1,750 additive metres of hemorrhoids, 38,500m? of granite, 20,000m? of fractured ceramic tile mosaic, 3,360m? of glass, 20,000,000kg of structural corrugated steel and 10,000,000kg of structural steel. The roof or ‘feather plume ‘ is the most structurally dramatic item, 230m in length and dwelling of two ‘shells ‘ which embrace the edifice on the exterior. These are constructed of laminated steel with an approximative weight of 3,000t and feature delicate mosaic ceramic work on the exterior. This portion of the edifice comments the most complex in the full domain structurally. The order of impressiveness can’t be negotiated over the construction as the theatre has a metal shell that tends to clasp as it expands and contracts in Valencia’s day-to-day temperature extreme. Such complexnesss make the building procedure of such constructions on monolithic graduated table problematic. Another illustration of such typology of infinite which requires public engagement and graduated table, Guggenheim museum even the Ti sheets on the exterior facade can non conceal the structural uses of interior infinite. The complexness of insides of this Double tegument construction is apparent from the observation of the art critic Brian O’ Doherty who though being positive about the building’s attack criticizes the museum’s interior effects. In different aspects of the modern universe complexness of constructing building with regard to changing typology of built signifiers viz. institutional, residential and industrial majorly depends upon the its map, graduated table and aesthetics. Renovation of old built signifiers is enumerated among them and chiefly depends upon the services every bit good. Cost and lastingness are secondary factors that determine complexness of a construction to larger extent. Concrete and glass as a edifice stuff have garnered major grasp. Prefabrication highlights the clip facet of building procedure and besides has some disadvantages. Covering with the built signifier the complexness considerations or countries of concern should be taken into history. The demand and aesthetics being chief drive factor for choice of stuff and technique, the complexness of building techniques varies and besides depends upon physical constituents and context.

Irish Traditional Music

The Harp The harping tradition in Ireland flourished from medieval times until the seventeenth century. It was fostered and developed among the powerful and wealthy Irish and Anglo-Irish families. Harpers were employed along with poets and orators, known as reacoirs, to provide entertainment for the families. As the families acted as patrons to the harpers, they would often have solo pieces, known as planxties, written in their honour by their harper. One famous song is Planxty Kelly.The occupation of a harper was a very prestigious one. The harping tradition was passed on, father to son, for many years and was one of very few viable career options for blind boys at the time. However, after 1600, as the great families went into decline, there was a loss of patronage and harpers were left unemployed. The harping tradition then became a nomadic one, as harpers would travel from county to county, playing for money and food. There were two styles of harp: the Bardic harp and the Neo-Iris h harp.The Bardic harp had between 29 and 31 strings made of wire, which were played with the nails. Usually around 70cm in height with a curved pillar and a hollow soundbox, the Bardic harp was the more resonant of the two. The Neo-Irish harp typically had 34 strings made of nylon or cat gut, which were played with the pads of the fingers. They were taller (about 91cm in height) than the Bardic harp, but less resonant. In 1792 the Belfast Harp Festival was setup with the aim of preventing the decline of the harping tradition.It consisted of eleven harpers from the age of 15 to 97, playing pieces in their own particular style. One player that was the light of the day was Denis Hempson, age 97, being the oldest player there. Edward Bunting was commissioned by the Belfast Harp Society to record the lifestyles of the harpers as well as recording and writing down the music from the festival to preserve it for future generations. This method, unlike the oral tradition which had existed u p until then, did not allow for particular nuances in style and some of these were lost.There was a harping revival in the second half of the twentieth century. The role of the harp as a traditional instrument was led by Maire Ni Chathasaigh, who had solo albums such as â€Å"The New Strung Harp† and Laoise Kelly who release the album â€Å"Just Harp† Uilleann Pipes The uilleann pipes are the characteristic national Bagpipe of Ireland. Their current name (they were earlier known in English as â€Å"union pipes†) is a part translation of the Irish language term pioba uilleann (literally, â€Å"pipes of the elbow†), from their method of inflation.The uilleann pipes are distinguished from many other forms of bagpipes by their sweet tone and wide range of notes together with the unique blend of chanter, drones, and regulators. The bag of the uilleann pipes is inflated by means of a small set of bellows strapped around the waist and the right arm. The bellows not only relieve the player from the effort needed to blow into a bag to maintain pressure, they also allow relatively dry air to power the reeds, reducing the adverse effects of moisture on tuning and longevity.The chanter is the part of the instrument that plays the melody. It's somewhat like a low whistle except it is not placed in the mouth. Air is pumped through the bellows which is attached to the player's right elbow, hence the name. To achieve the â€Å"bottom D† the chanter is lifted off the knee, exposing the exit of the chanter's bore, where the note is produced. The chanter is set on the right knee thus closing off the bottom hole. Many players use a strip of leather placed over the knee, called a â€Å"popping strap,† which provides for an airtight seal.A great range of different timbres can be achieved by varying the fingering of notes and also raising the chanter off the knee, which gives the uilleann pipes a degree of dynamic range not found in other fo rms of bagpipes. A type of simultaneous vibrato and tremolo can be achieved by tapping a finger below the open note hole on the chanter. The bottom note also has two different â€Å"modes†, namely the â€Å"soft D† and the â€Å"hard D†. The hard bottom D sounds louder and more strident than the soft D and is accomplished by applying slightly more pressure to the bag and flicking a higher note finger as it is sounded.Many chanters are fitted with keys to allow accurate playing of all the semitones of the scale. Most uilleann chanters are very responsive to â€Å"half-holing† or â€Å"sliding†, which is the practice of obtaining a note by leaving a fingerhole only half covered. This is why many chanters sold in Ireland are sold without keys. The chanter uses a double reed similar to that of the oboe and bassoon. The regulators are equipped with closed keys which can be opened by the piper's wrist action enabling the piper to play simple chords, givi ng a rhythmic and harmonic accompaniment as needed. History The uilleann pipes developed around the beginning of the 18th century, the history of which is here depicted in prints of carvings and pictures from contemporary sources. The earliest surviving sets of uilleann pipes date from the second half of the 18th century but it must be said that datings are not definitive. Many of the early players in Ireland were Protestant, possibly the best known being the mid-18th century piper Jackson from Co Limerick. The pipes were certainly frequently used by the Protestant clergy who employed them as an alternative to the church organ.Tuning The instrument most typically is tuned in the key of D, although â€Å"flat† sets do exist in other keys. These terms only began to be used in the 1970s, when pipemakers began to receive requests for pipes that would be in tune with Generation tin whistles which are stamped with the key they play in: C, B? , etc. The chanter length determines the overall tuning; accompanying pieces of the instrument, such as drones and regulators, are tuned to the same key as the chanter.The D pipes are most commonly used in ensembles, while the flat-pitched pipes are more often used for solo playing. It is noteworthy that Irish music was predominately solo music until the late 19th century, when these fixed-pitch instruments began to play more of a role. Performers Davey Spillane of Moving Hearts has also recorded solo albums. Liam Og O Floinn of Planxty has also featured as soloist with Shaun Davey in The Brendan Voyage and with RTE orchestras. Paddy Maloney is with The Chieftains. Others from past and present include Seamus Ennis, Paddy Glackin and Paddy Keenan.

Introduction of the independant & independant variables Research Paper

Introduction of the independant & independant variables - Research Paper Example Findings revealed that there are large and significant race/ethnic and nativity differences in lung function, grip strength, and gait speed, and that childhood and current adult health and SES reduces race/ethnic differences in physical performance but does not eliminate them entirely (Haas, Krueger, & Rohlfsen, 2012). The systematic review of the data of 7,833 English consulters aged 50 years and above, and 6,846 Dutch consulters aged 18 years selected using cross-sectional health surveys assessed physical health status as it links to age. Findings revealed that of the 78 consulting morbidities, 43% was attributed to increasing age, 40% to morbidity severity and 17% to deprivation for English consulters; the figures were 21%, 42% and 31%, respectively for Dutch consulters (Kadam et al., 2009). The systematic analysis of data from the 2003 National Survey of Children’s Health of 102,353 telephone surveys of parents of children aged 0 to 17 years assessed the effects of multipl e social risks on children’s health. Findings revealed that the percentage of children in poorer health increased with the number of social risk factors across and more than half of children had >2 risk factors, and 24% had >4 (Larson et al., 2008). The quantitative questionnaire-based survey administered to 8,206 individuals aged 50 and above through non-probability sampling assessed the health status, quality of life, and well-being of older people in rural Tanzania. Findings revealed that among people aged 50 and over, having good quality of life and health status was significantly associated with being male, married and not being among the oldest old, and that increase in age increased the difficulty in performing routine activities, particularly in women (odds ratio 1.31; P >.001, 95% CI 1.15-1.50) (Mwanyangala et al, 2010). The cohort study of 2,631

What about drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What about drugs - Essay Example Substance abuse is frightening and I pride myself on keeping my body as healthy as can be. Recreational drug users are filling certain needs when they take drugs and this is directly related to the addictive nature as well as the chemical properties of certain drugs. Accordingly, recreational drug users who need their â€Å"fix† are actually filling a need which they themselves have created. We are not born with addictions, such as an addiction to tobacco or cocaine, these addictions are created by us and they become self-fulfilling prophecies. It has been medically proven that physical activity helps people overcome the issues associated with drug use and chemical dependency. Promoting activity, whether it is going to the gym, going for a run or playing a sport, can help people overcome the challenges associated with drug addiction. Children need to know that drugs are out there but that there is a fundamental difference between drugs which are legal and drugs which are illegal. I will talk to my kids about drugs and aim to provide an open forum for them to ask any questions they may have about drug use. Children are naturally curious and many teenagers experiment with drugs in high school. It is important to keep them knowledgeable about the effects of drugs so that they are aware of the ramifications of drug use. Kids should not be encouraged to experiment but they should be given opportunities to ask questions about drugs and expert an honest answer in return. My personal opinion is that alcohol and nicotine are dangerous and that both should be illegal. More people are killed by alcohol related violence or accidents than those cause by drugs such as marijuana and we as a society should not be promoting alcohol as a good thing. Smoking as kills millions of people but it remains legal and the government continues to earn tremendous revenue from the sale of tobacco products. Dangerous drugs

Leadership in the accounting profession Research Paper

Leadership in the accounting profession - Research Paper Example The integrative leadership model will be applied to understand the important system of leadership in accounting profession. 2.0- LEADERSHIP IN A BROADER PERSPECTIVE AND IN ACCOUNTING PROFESSION The role of leaders in every organization has gained a critical importance. Organizations increasingly focus on developing leaders along with managers. There are different leadership styles or approaches that plays effective role in different scenarios. The leader is often the main force to drive the organization to success. Leaders in the organization direct the structure of organization, the culture and ethical values in the organization for contribution towards goal. Leaders actually develop the road map for the organization. Example, of Tim Cook at Apple, Jeff Bazos at Amazon and many more have led to the success stories for the organizations (Williams, 2013). Leadership can be present at any level of hierarchy such as strategic managers, middle-level managers, functional managers and oper ational managers. Accountancy profession has been witnessed to rely increasingly on the accounting curricula. Accounting field, since recent past, has realized the growing importance of developing leadership mindset among accounting students to successfully deal with the growing challenges of the practical field. 3.0- INTEGRATED LEADERSHIP MODEL The systematically defined model of leader’s role in professional service firms (PSFs) could better define the role a leader is required to play in the firm. Integrated model of leadership shall clearly define the combined role of employees with mindset of understanding â€Å"to whom they are leaders†. This clearly outclasses the performance of distant roles of liked and imposed jobs (Delong, Gabarro, and Lees, 2007). According to the model there are three major responsibilities that leader possess in the firm that are setting direction, building commitment and ensuring execution. The graphical representation of the model is as follows: (Delong, Gabarro, and Lees, 2007) 3.1- SETTING DIRECTION Direction determination is the necessary element for every organization and leader stands with a direction. Direction shall lead to the vision of the organization. In the new paradigm, it shall be taken as the major responsibility by the leaders to set the direction for the employees for to keep them on the desirable track (Delong, Gabarro, and Lees, 2007). 3.2- BUILDING COMMITMENT The involvement of all the employees including him/ her should be considerable in related company matters. Leaders shall take it as a responsibility to have consistent involvement of every employee in company matters and decision making. This activity contains all the employees on the same path in the organization (Delong, Gabarro, and Lees, 2007). 3.3- ENSURING EXECUTION Good leader not only formulate the strategies but they also ensure the execution and evaluation of each planned activity and its execution. Professionals and leader must be accountable for the execution of the strategies. Also evaluation and analysis at every stage about the effectiveness of the implemented strategy is important. Execution does not only mean implementing the strategy but it requires gaining the full planned benefit (Delong, Gabarro, and Lees, 2007). 3.4- SETTING PERSONAL EXAMPLE Position of this aspect being

QUESTIONS IS LISTED BELOW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

QUESTIONS IS LISTED BELOW - Essay Example Although company has maintained its performance in the year 2009 and sold more than 1.7 billion of unit cases of juices, still, the increasing competition in the global market is raising concerns for the company. In this report, the analysis of the company will be done by analysing its operations in different world markets. Finally, based on analysis, a conclusion and recommendations will be presented. Coca Cola is offering a variety of beverages and drinks worldwide and the products of the company can be categorised into different groups including Energy drinks, Juices, Soft drinks, Sports drinks, Tea and Coffee, Water and others (Coca Cola website, n.d.). It is interesting to note that the soft drinks of the company are being considered as the trademark of Coca Cola however, different drinks are very popular among local communities. In order to explain how Coca Cola is targeting the local regions and communities, I will like to quote an example. Appollinaris is one of the product brands of Coca Cola and it comes under â€Å"water drink type†. This mineral water is available in three flavours including apple, lemon and normal or unflavoured water. Moreover, Appollinaris is only available in Germany and New Caledonia. Similarly, the soft drink of Coca Cola is available in different flavours including Cola, Cola Lemon Lime, Cola Lemon, Cola Orange, Cola Green Tea, Cola Lime and Cola Raspberry (Coca Cola Website, n.d.). This example shows that Coca Cola is not pursuing standardised strategy but it has been introducing products based on the needs of the market where it operates. The major reason which is posing great threats for the company is the external environment and the market changes. The market changes include the regulatory changes and socio economic changes. The mission statement of the company also shows that the two long term objectives of

QUANTITATIVE NURSING RESEARCH Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

QUANTITATIVE NURSING - Research Paper Example The authors examine various literary sources addressing the subject of empathy within the context of nursing. The literary analysis segment begins with a brief overview of empathy and its importance in the care of patients. This significance of empathy in nursing is accentuated when the authors mention that, empathy is virtually the same with the nursing profession and is also linked to the latter’s inception. The article cites authors who have made an attempt to describe the importance of communication or interaction between nurses and patients, while describing importance of human connection to nursing practices and overall patient health. In essence, the article provides credible information derived from past research, on why empathy is deemed on the most important skills in nursing. After effectively informing the reader about the importance of empathy in nursing, the authors delve deeper into the meaning of empathy, as provided by diverse scholars. For example, the article cites an author who considers empathy to be a cognitive, instead of emotional attribute, which involves nurses’ ability to understand, as opposed to feeling, the perspectives, experiences, and concerns of a patient. This definition also encompasses a nurse’s ability to portray the described understanding. Another definition cited in the article stipulates that, nurses must show the intention to assist patients, in addition to observing the previously mentioned characteristics of understanding. The authors emphasize key terms that give the most conclusive definition of empathy including cognition, understanding, communication and intention to help. By exploring these different definitions, the authors form a credible basis for the analysis of their primary purpose, since the rea der gets adequate comprehension of the concept to be explored. In addition, the definitions provide insight into the vital nature of empathy to

Critically analyse how culture and nonverbal communication are Essay

Critically analyse how culture and nonverbal communication are connected - Essay Example Universally, there is a set of psychological problems that various groups of individuals must solve to survive which highly connect with the biological imperatives. In essence, both groups and individuals must design ways of addressing the universal problems. The means developed by people and groups essentially become their culture. Therefore, culture can be referred to in this context as a shared system of socially transmitted behaviour that defines, describes and guides our ways of life, communicated from one generation to another. Every culture can be said to have its unique language, with its grammar, vocabulary, pragmatics and phonology. The specific way in which every culture develops its non-verbal language differs from that of another. The connection between culture and non-verbal communication is a reality that the essay endeavours to analyse critically. Just like the case with verbal communication, culture significantly influences the various forms of non-verbal communication in profound ways. The application of gestures, facial expressions, the interpersonal space, gaze, touch and body postures impacted on by cultural behaviours that differ significantly. There is a great connection between culture and gestures. The examination of the interrelationship between culture and gestures dates back to the 1936 and 1941 studies by David Efron (Berko, Rosenfeld and Samovar, 2013). In these studies, David examined the use of gestures among the Lithuanian and Sicilian Jewish immigrants who lived in the New York City. In his findings, Efron established that there were different gestures between the traditional Italians and Jews which gradually kept disappearing as people got assimilated into the American culture. Other studies by Ekman et al. in 1976 produced a documentation of the cultural differences in the use of emblematic gestures betwee n the Americans, Japanese, and the New Guineans. It is worth noting,

Self-confidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-confidence - Essay Example Self-feelings may be either active or passive. On the one hand, one may have a feeling or attitude of self-assertion, of confidence, of being in control of the situation, of directing oneself forward in a purposeful activity. On the other hand, one may have the feeling of being the victim of circumstances, of being helpless and dependent, and of having things happen to one's self over which one does not have much control. Normal living is a combination of these dual feelings of self-direction and helplessness. For this student who is transferred from a self contained class for emotionally disturbed children needs some time to get settled in a class of normal students. This change in the beginning would effect his self confidence as in the new class there would be good interaction between students. Secondly these students would be sharper and sometimes more intelligent from the students in the previous class. The methods I will use are the Self Esteem Therapies in which I will try to find out how the student's self-esteem was destroyed and what were the factors present which refrained him to develop his socialization process. After getting this integral information I will try to curb down all these factors affecting his self-confidence building.

Romeo And Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo And Juliet Essay Act 3 scene 5 is set in Juliets bedroom. It starts with Romeo and Juliet in bed together talking about the nightingale and how that it is not yet daylight. Wilt thou be gone? It is not yet near day. At this point in the play it would be one of the last times Romeo and Juliet spend together before Romeo is to leave to Mantua. Not long after Romeo has left, Juliets mother (Lady Capulet) enters her daughters bedroom, where she notices that Juliet has been crying. Lady Capulet thinks she is grieving over her cousin Tybalts death but she is actually upset over that Romeo has gone and she doesnt quite know when she is going to see him again. Lady Capulet is very sympathetic towards her daughter in this scene and tells her that her fathers plans will make her feel better. This is when Lord Capulet (Juliets father) enters her bedroom and tells Juliet his plans to have her married to Paris on Thursday. This is when the argument occurs between father and daughter because Juliet refuses to marry Paris. In Elizabethan times this was considered to be very wrong on the daughters part because Elizabethan women were dominated by the men in the family the women were seen to be inferior to men. They were subservient to the men in the family all their lives and expected to obey the men in all aspects of their life. The disobedience of Juliet towards her father would be considered a crime to religion in Elizabethan times because arranged marriages were very common and would be suited to suit the family meaning the men of the house hold, because most Elizabethan women were expected to marry to increase the wealth and position of the family and then to produce children, preferably male heirs. Juliets father feels unappreciated by Juliet in this scene which leads him to get very mad with her where he starts to threaten to disown her if she doesnt obey his wishes to have her marry Paris on Thursday hang, beg, starve, die in the streets! Graze where you will you shall not house with me. Juliet then begins to plead to him but he is so mad he will not have any of it Ill not be forsworn suggests he will not be persuaded and he will not change his mind. Juliets Nurse Trys to stick up for Juliet but Lord Capulet silences her which leads to Lord Capulet and Lady Capulet exiting Juliets bedroom. Juliet is very anguished by all of this. She then asks her mother for help but her mother is so disappointed by her she doesnt want anymore to do with her Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. In this play Juliets Nurse is more of a mother to her than Lady Capulet because the nurse has a closer relationship with Juliet because she has bought her up. Towards the end of the scene Juliet turns to the Nurse for comfort. The Nurse already knows that she is married to Romeo (which lady and lord Capulet do not know) but she still suggests that she marries Paris on Thursday for he is a noble man. If a modern audience were to watch this play they would feel very sympathetic towards Juliet at this point because she has had an arranged marriage and feels as though her father is just thinking of his happiness only and not hers and that she should have a choice of to whom she marries and not to be controlled by her father. They would feel sympathetic because a modern audience would relate to Juliet because theyre arent any arranged marriages in modern times because women have free will and choice over their own lives. Where as in Elizabethan times the audience would feel more sympathetic towards Lord Capulet because it relates more to how the Elizabethans live and how Lord Capulet is Patriarchal and Juliet should do what he says for the sake of the families wealth. For the setting of my version of act 3 scene 5 I have chosen to set this scene in modern times which would make a modern audience sympathise with Juliet rather than Lord Capulet.

Controller Area Network Sensors: Applications in Automobiles

Controller Area Network Sensors: Applications in Automobiles 1: Introduction In this paper an overview on the Controller area network sensors and their real world application in the automobiles is presented to the reader. The fact that controller area networks employ various sensors and actuators to monitor the overall performance of a car (K.H. Johansson et al, 2001[1]), this paper focuses only on the sensors and their role in supporting the CAN performance. 2: Laser Speed Velocimetry (LSV) sensor The application of this sensor is present in the Reanult range of vehicles where the company is incorporating the LSV as an on-board sensor to measure ground speed with better than 0.1km/h accuracy (LM Info, 2006[2]). The LSV technology is an approach to measure ground speed of a moving automobile with greater accuracy thus ensuring better on the road performance as argued by K.H. Johansson et al (2001). The purpose of the technology is to measure real-time speed of an automobile at accuracy level of 0.1km/h.The technology behind the LSV system comprises of the sensor that continuously records the interference with the motion surface that is fed back to the controller in the system that measures the speed of the car. The diagram in fig 1 below explains the aforementioned effectively. The above is the schematic representation of the mounting of the LSV 065 sensor head (Source: www.polytech.com). The above diagram further clarifies that the use of the LSV system not only provides an effective and accurate measurement of the speed but also proves that the use of this system can provide an effective control over the performance and over the velocity of an automobile. The LSV systems from Polytech, the schematic for which was presented in this section â€Å"combine a sensor head, a controller and software into a rugged industrial package that makes precision measurements from standstill to speeds of more than 7,200 m/min in either direction† (LM INFOR Special Issue, 2006). 2: Braking System sensors and Speed sensors The ABS system utilizes multiple sensors to prevent the wheels from locking whilst braking at high speeds. The main sensors used in this set-up are 2.1: Speed sensor The speed sensor is the sensor that is fitted to each wheel of the automobile. The purpose of the sensor is to identify the wheel slip whilst braking which is then fed back to the ABS controller unit to control. The speed sensor records the speed of the rotation of the wheel and when one or more of the wheels are recorded to be rotating at a considerably lower speed then the ABS control unit reduces the pressure on the pressure valves thus ensuring that the braking does not lock the wheel. The speed sensor equipment comprises of various models and can be mounted on different positions of an automobile in facilitating the measurement of the speed. The application of the speed sensor in the ABS is one of the many applications of speed measurement. The ECM method of measuring the speed using speed sensors is increasingly popular as part of the ABS technology. It is also argued as the later version of ABS that overcomes the fundamental sensor positioning related flaws in the ABS system. The ECM uses the Pulse Code Modulation technique to communicate with the sensor and the control system of the Controller Area Network of the automobile. From the figure above it is clear that the ECM plays a critical role as the controller to capture the sensor signals and transmit to the master controller area network Electronic Control Unit (ECU) for overall control of the automobile. It is also evident that the sensor plays a vital role in the speed measurement and efficient operation of the ABS braking system. The fundamental difference between the VSS and the WSS is that the VSS is part of the controller area network and is connected directly to the ECU of the network whilst the WSS feeds into the ABS controller unit that is connected to the CAN of the car or automobile under consideration. The VSS is also a successful and flexible method for motorbikes and other two-wheeled vehicles as the mounting is simpler compared to the WSS mounting for ABS system that is popular in a car. The cases of VSS mounted in transaxle and the transmission serve effectively for the purpose of velocity measurement and also provides near accurate readings for the efficient speed control by the driver of the car or the rider of the bike. In the case of the VSS mounted in the transmission, the sensor sends a 4 pulse signal at regular intervals to the combination meter that then sends the signal to the ECU of the CAN in the car. The signal so sent is recorded as the speed and shown to the driver as the velocity of the car. This approach is more accurate to the traditional analogue approach to the speed measurement and management. The above schematic makes it clear that although the mounting of the sensor on the transaxle provides an efficient method of measuring velocity, the response of the sensor can be damaged due to the mechanical wear and tear that is directly associated with the transaxle in a car. The VSS mounted in the transmission is perceived to have resolved the issue through the mounting of the sensor near the core rotor and using a magnetic field to hold the sensor in position. This approach agreed to the more effective compared to the former where the mechanical wear and tear was a critical drawback to the overall performance of the system. The schematic mounting of the VSS in the transmission is presented in the fig 4 below. The above mounting schematic in the figure further justifies that the positioning of the sensor by the rotor will help measure the speed effectively and more accurately 3: Differential Hall effect Sensors Daniel Dwyer (2007)[3] argues that the differential Hall effect sensors are not only capable of accurately measuring speed but also providing the safety measures through effectively controlling the speed. The hall effect sensors utilize the fundamental principle behind the Hall Effect which is described as follows â€Å"When a bias voltage is applied to the silicon plate via two current contacts, an electric field is created and a current is forced.† †¦ Daniel Dwyer (2007). This principle is utilized in the gear tooth profiling and speed measurement through the gear tooth sensing both in the linear and the differential cases. The differential case is argued as a more successful element especially in case of the automatic transmission automobiles because of the need to effectively control the speed associated with the car. Another interesting element with the differential Hall-effect sensors is the fact that the sensor positioning is robust in nature and its wear and tear is minimal. The differential element sensing that is the key for the differential Hall effect sensors utilizes the fundamental Hall effect. Alongside the sensor also â€Å"eliminates the undesired effects of the back-biased field through the process of subtraction.† (Daniel Dwyer (2007). The differential baseline field for the sensor is made close to zero gauss since each of the two Hall elements in on the IC (the sensor) approximately see the same back-biased field as argued by Daniel Dwyer (2007). A schematic representation of the differential element sensing is presented in fig 5 below. The major feature of the Differential Hall effect sensor is the production in the form of an integrated circuit that can respond to the magnetic field interference and differential effects due to the change in speed and the gear tooth positioning in the magnetic field. The differential element sensing and the speed measurement is accomplished through the overall peak holding of the Integrated Circuit (IC) in the field. Although the traditional peak-detecting scheme could resolve the issue of peak holding, the sensor requires an external capacitor for peak holding in order to effectively control the overall automobile speed. Since a large gain is required to generate a signal strong enough to overcome the air gap in the case of the hall effect sensor especially in the drawbacks associated with the timing accuracy and duty cycle performance in the slope of the magnetic signal strength as argued by Daniel Dwyer (2007). From the above arguments it is clear that the Hall effect sensor is a successful but expensive sensor to perform measurements and be programmed as part of the overall CAN of the automobile. Thus to conclude the research in this paper the four sensors that were discussed include The Laser Speed Velocimetry (LSV) sensor and an insight on the LSV 065 module as an example. This sensor proves to be successful and accurate speed measurement equipment but the mounting and safety related elements pose a big drawback for its commercial application. The Wheel speed sensor for the ABS in an automobile was then discussed followed by the analysis of the Velocity Speed Sensor. Finally the Differential Hall Effect sensor was discussed in the research paper. This sensor on the other hand can be mounted easily in an automobile and can perform effectively to provide accurate measurements but has higher cost liability and maintenance requirements making it a secondary choice to the traditional VSS And WSS sensors used in most of the cars. Footnotes [1] K.H. Johansson et al, (2001), Vehicle Applications of Controller Area Network, ARTIST2 Network of Excellence on Embedded Systems Design, [2] LM: INFO (2006), Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A [3] Daniel Dwyer (2007), Differential Hall-effect sensors aid rotational speed control, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc

Decay of the Roman Empire :: Ancient Rome Roman History

Decay of the Roman Empire Edward Gibbon says the decay of Rome was inevitable. He writes that instead of inquiring why the Roman Empire was destroyed, it is surprising that it subsisted so long. Gibbons' argument comes down to four major arguments, divided into rulership, the abuse of Christianity, the expansion of the Barbarians, and finally the loss of the Roman military power. Edward Gibbon was one of the greatest English historians of the late 1700's. His father entered him in Magdalen College, University of Oxford but shortly after his enrollment in 1753 he decided to convert to Roman Catholicism. Magdalen college only accepted Anglicans so he was barred from the school. His father then sent him to Switzerland, in care of a Calvinist pastor, who by Christmas, 1754, had reconciled him to Protestantism. After many years in Switzerland Gibbon returned home and decided to devote his life to scholarship and writing. In 1764, while visiting Rome, Gibbon decided to write about the city's history. His work The H istory of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire was one of his greatest works and despite the availability of new factual data and a recognition of Gibbon's western Bias, Decline and Fall is still read and enjoyed. In Gibbons first argument of divided rulership, he states that there simply was no central power in the Roman Empire. He writes, "The throne of Constantinople was erected in the East; while the West was still possessed by a series of emperors who held their residence in Italy and claimed their equal inheritance of the legions and provinces. This dangerous novelty impaired the strength, and fomented the vices, of a double reign." (2) As in any historical reference, when one divides their forces it weakens their strength. Gibbons makes this out to be a very important reason for the collapse of Rome. Even thought Constantinople was strong at this time, Gibbon points out that, "The Byzantine court beheld, perhaps with pleasure the disgrace of Rome, and the misfortunes of Italy." Edward Gibbon's second argument, the abuse of Christianity, has much to do with the new virtues of society brought with the new religion. Gibbons states, "The clergy successfully preached the doctrines of patience and pusillanimity; the active virtues of society were discouraged." These active virtues of ambition and power were what made Rome great. "The church and even the state, were distracted by religious factions, whose conflicts were sometimes bloody, and always implacable; the attention of the Emperors were diverted from camps to synods.

Marketing Analysis of Clarion :: essays research papers

Clarion AM/FM CD Player   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Clarion AM/FM CD Player w/ CD Changer Control that I purchased was manufactured in China. The country of origin shouldn’t be all that surprising to me, since China and Japan are probably the two leading manufacturers when it comes to audio technology in the world today. China has long been ahead of the United States on entertainment technology such as audio players or television sets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The intended use is obviously to be utilized as a CD deck to be installed into a car’s dashboard component. The box it is contained in is rather simple; a black backdrop with a frontal view of the deck on the front and a strip of red crossing the box diagonally, fading into the black giving it a luminous appearance. Although this packaging design seems almost overly simple, it is its simple ness that appeals to the consumer’s eye. The black backdrop stands out and the red stripe gives it a sleek look that appeals to car owners looking for a new stereo system to place in their car.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I’m not entirely sure how climate considerations or ingredients would figure into a product such as this. As far as the directions for use go, there is a detailed instruction booklet included that contains instructions for setting up the options on the CD Player as well as how to operate its multifunction. There are two languages displayed on the box, English and French, which works well for this area since the proximity to Canada brings in a lot of French-speaking consumers. In other parts of the country however, they may want to add in a Spanish translation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Size and serviceability most probably vary with the place of purchase, the size is adequate for it’s purpose and intended use, there is a warranty you can fill out if you wish, and some places of purchase will install it into your automobile for you. Shipping distance wouldn’t be an issue here since they mass-produce and ship products such as these, and it is not difficult or expensive for a store to acquire more of such a product when it runs out.

Cuzco Enterprises/ business plan :: essays research papers

CUZCO ENTERPRISES CORP CUZCO CASUAL WEAR # 2 2357 w Diversy Ave Chicago IL 60639 (773) 255-1393 Fax (773) 448-6779 Www.faustocuzco.com/ecuador.html Executive Summary By focusing on its heritage and the strength and experience CUZCO CASUAL WEAR # 2 will continue to enhance their quality, uniqueness, and valuable customer service. o This business plan leads the way. It renews our vision and strategic focus on the quality and value we put in our products and the market segment originally targeted. Our vision has been broadened by the success we have found in the marketplace, to the extent of adding new products and current plans on additional items and services. It has given us a step-by-step plan to meet and exceed our goals for increased sales, gross margin, and profitability. o This plan includes this summary, and chapters on the company, products and services, market focus, action plans and forecasts, management team, and financial plan. Objectives 1. Increase sales to more than $100,000 over the next three years. 2. Move gross margin to above 55% over the current merchandise line and maintain that level. 3. Add new products such tailoring service, a leather jacket section, and sport wear section. 4. Improve inventory turnover, reduce the cost of goods sold while maintaining the high quality of our products 5. To provide jobs to the Hispanic community that are rewarding and fulfilling. Business Description Mission: I am Fausto Cuzco Entrepreneur owner of Cuzco Enterprises Corp. We are here to provide you with high quality merchandise products, fast service and the most important goal in our enterprising is your " satisfaction" Industry back ground Cuzco Enterprises Corp was created in February 2002 by a 29 year old novice young man named Fausto Cuzco. Under this parent name, he opened his first store in a small mall in south side Chicago, CUZCO CASUAL WEAR #1. Currently my friend Patricia and I own this store. Sales have been growing steadily with the cost of goods sold consistently decreasing. But to make significant headway in this area, we need to expand our business into new territories. Goals and potential of the new venture Constantly striving to supply what the consumer is asking for, we continually review what is available in the marketplace, and what isn't. Improving on what is available and providing new products and services to the areas of need will assure our success in a market driven by consumer demand. Cuzco Enterprises/ business plan :: essays research papers CUZCO ENTERPRISES CORP CUZCO CASUAL WEAR # 2 2357 w Diversy Ave Chicago IL 60639 (773) 255-1393 Fax (773) 448-6779 Www.faustocuzco.com/ecuador.html Executive Summary By focusing on its heritage and the strength and experience CUZCO CASUAL WEAR # 2 will continue to enhance their quality, uniqueness, and valuable customer service. o This business plan leads the way. It renews our vision and strategic focus on the quality and value we put in our products and the market segment originally targeted. Our vision has been broadened by the success we have found in the marketplace, to the extent of adding new products and current plans on additional items and services. It has given us a step-by-step plan to meet and exceed our goals for increased sales, gross margin, and profitability. o This plan includes this summary, and chapters on the company, products and services, market focus, action plans and forecasts, management team, and financial plan. Objectives 1. Increase sales to more than $100,000 over the next three years. 2. Move gross margin to above 55% over the current merchandise line and maintain that level. 3. Add new products such tailoring service, a leather jacket section, and sport wear section. 4. Improve inventory turnover, reduce the cost of goods sold while maintaining the high quality of our products 5. To provide jobs to the Hispanic community that are rewarding and fulfilling. Business Description Mission: I am Fausto Cuzco Entrepreneur owner of Cuzco Enterprises Corp. We are here to provide you with high quality merchandise products, fast service and the most important goal in our enterprising is your " satisfaction" Industry back ground Cuzco Enterprises Corp was created in February 2002 by a 29 year old novice young man named Fausto Cuzco. Under this parent name, he opened his first store in a small mall in south side Chicago, CUZCO CASUAL WEAR #1. Currently my friend Patricia and I own this store. Sales have been growing steadily with the cost of goods sold consistently decreasing. But to make significant headway in this area, we need to expand our business into new territories. Goals and potential of the new venture Constantly striving to supply what the consumer is asking for, we continually review what is available in the marketplace, and what isn't. Improving on what is available and providing new products and services to the areas of need will assure our success in a market driven by consumer demand.

Art & Literature Have No Place in the Modern World Essay

Creating and expressing ones’ self through various media, such as art and literature, has been a desire of mankind since the beginning of time. Art form and literature has been used to express mankind’s deepest observations, most profound thinking and firmest beliefs; it encompasses many genres such as paintings,drama, poetry and novels. While both the physical arts and literature are a form of self-expression, each also represents a profession. It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become. This adage is perhaps the most appropriate description of the importance of literature in our lives. As Amy Lowell quotes, ’Art is the desire of a man to express himself, to record the reactions of his personality to the world he lives in. ’ When we look around us, we see a lot of things that relate to art.. , contain art.. , are art.. and shows art.. Art is everywhere because people need to use it for daily uses. Art can come in the form of many things, including posters, murals, portraits, covers, paintings and more. This is enough to show how art and literature are blended into our lives. Music, paintings, sculptures, epics, fictions, movies, stories†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. and so on and so forth are all a part of us. Is there a home in this modern world without a painting on the wall or a deck which doesn’t hum their favourite tune or a rack with Fredrick Forsyth or James Hadley Chase novels? Even a child of this generation has his ears plugged all the time either listening to a soulful raga or a foot tapping Michael Jackson and reading either a religious book or a comic or an encyclopedia†¦. this is the common usage of art and literature. Art can also be used to liven up things in this world. It may not have a specific idea or meaning but it can be used to make things look better and more complete. When you write a project, it looks dull just with words, but when you add a picture or two to it, it looks much better because now there is visual aid. Art is found everywhere, including parks, school, malls,homes†¦ and is used just to make the place more comfortable and appealing to the eye. It can sometimes act as filler because it looks better than to just leave something on its own. It is through reading great literary and poetic works, that one understands life. They help a person take a closer look at the different facets of life. In many ways, it can change one’s perspective towards life. Lives of brilliant achievers and individuals who have made a valuable contribution to society, are sketched in their biographies. These works give the readers an insight into the lives of these eminent people and sometimes help people change for the good. Friends, don’t you agree that Art and literature are great tools for learning. They can be found almost everywhere where there is a school. They are important because of what they can be used for. It is fun and acts as an interactive tool for learners who learn to appreciate art and literature for what it can do for them. In the process, people can learn a lot. Sometimes, art and writing go hand in hand. Art and literature serves as an enormous information base. Many people depend on art and literature. People who draw and write are not the only people who use and make money out of it. People who are book publishers, magazine editors, newspaper people, painters, actors all need to use art to supplement their work. Art and literature are used by some people directly andsome indirectly. People can choose to make a profession out of this because it is fun for them; it is something that they like to do, and more. Hence I strongly believe that we had art and literature in our blood since ages and is still used and appreciated by us in different forms in the modern world. There is not even a single person in this room who doesn’t love music or reading!

Natureview Farm Case

Natureview Farm Case Natureview Farm is a small yogurt manufacturer with annual revenues of $13 million. It produces three different size cups – 8 oz. cup, 32 oz. and 4 oz. cup multipack. However, Natureview’s goal is to increase its annual revenue to $20 million in two years. With a solid relationship with its current, successful strategy in the natural foods channel it is considering expanding into the supermarket channel. Conversely, it does not want to hurt the company brand it has created as a premium yogurt brand in the natural foods market and betray those loyal, natural foods customers who made their business what it is today.In the case, Natureview is considering three options to expand its operations to reach its $20 million annual goal:1. Expand six SKUs of the 8-oz. product line into one or two selected supermarkets. The reasons behind this option are:A) Eight-ounce cups represent the largest dollar and unit share of the refrigerated yogurt market, providing significant revenue potential.B) Other natural food brands had successfully expanded their distribution into the supermarket channel. As a leading natural foods brand for yogurt, they can capitalize on the growing trend in natural and organic foods in supermarkets.C) A major Natureview competitor plans to expand into the supermarket channel. Supermarket retailers would likely only have one organic yogurt brand. Therefore, there is a first-mover advantage.2. Expand four SKUs of the 32-oz. size nationally. The reasons behind this option are:A) Currently generated an above-average gross profit margin for Natureview (43. 6% vs. 36. 0% for the 8-oz. line).B) Fewer competitive offerings in this size and Natureview had a strong competitive advantage in their product’s longer shelf life.C) Although slotting expenses would be higher, promotional expenses would be lower since the 32-oz. size was promoted only twice a year.3. Introduce two SKUs of a children’s multi-pack into na tural foods channel. The reasons behind this option are:A) Company had strong relationships with leading natural food channel retailers, and expansion into supermarket channel could potentially jeopardize the relationship.B) Distribution targets were very achievable for the two SKUs.C) Gross profitability of the line would be 37. % while expenses would be lower; quite attractive. This option may even yield the strongest profit contribution of all strategies taken into consideration.D) Natural foods channel was growing seven times faster than the supermarket channel.For each of the alternatives provided above, these are the issues that need to be encountered respectively:1. It has the highest level of competitive trading promotion and marketing spending. It would require quarterly trade promotions and a meaning marketing budget. It would also cost Natureview $1. M per region per year. Its SGA would also increase by $320,000 annually. Therefore, it would be a costly approach. Also, to achieve its target, Natureview needed to take advantage of its relationships with the top 11 supermarket retail chains in the Northeast and the top 9 chains in the West and occupy majority of the retail space.2. The difficulty was that new users would not readily â€Å"enter the brand† and adopt a multi-size product. Furthermore, to achieve full national distribution within 12 months it would be a difficult task in of itself.Natureview would need to hire more sales personnel who had experience selling to more sophisticated supermarket channels and establish relationships with the supermarket brokers. This would increase SGA expense costs by $160,000. To add to the complexity of the decision, a competitor was rumored to be launching a line called Bright Vista, which would directly compete with Natureview. Moreover, supermarkets were considering launching their own private-label versions of organic yogurt. Therefore, launching the 32-oz. has its issues of being less noticed in a myriad of different products available.3. Introducing the multi-packs requires R&D and Operations costs. It also conflicts with the premium brand positioning it had worked hard to establish due to supermarkets’ emphasis on sales promotions and inconsistent prices. There were also fears that Natureview’s marketing department was unprepared to handle the demands on resources and staffing that entering the supermarket channel would impose. Supermarket distributors were more demanding in logistics and technology than what Natureview was familiar with. However, it is thought that soon, natural foods channel would embark on similar demands.After reviewing all the alternatives and its issues and benefits, I found that moving into supermarkets could have both positive and negative repercussions. Refraining to expand into supermarkets could put Natureview at a competitive disadvantage, considering there are rumors of Natureview’s competitors expanding into supermarket channels. Supermarkets are potentially a huge market for organic yogurt, considering 97% of all yogurts were purchased through this channel and 46% of organic food consumers shop at supermarkets. Two natural food companies have already entered supermarkets and in doing so have increased their revenues by over 200%.Executing a first mover strategy would be crucial if this plan were to be implemented in order to gain brand equity from new consumers who are transitioning into the organic food market. Furthermore, because price inhibits 58% of consumers from buying organic products, Natureview would have to execute a competitive pricing strategy against non-organic yogurts. However, the expenses associated with it (i. e. the trade promotions and SGAs) are quite expensive to take in. The goal is to obtain an increase in revenues by at least $7M. Costs incurred would be at least $2. M annually just expanding into two regions. Therefore, if Natureview would expand to all four regions, the y would incur $5. 2M in just marketing and SGAs. It is quite an expensive approach, especially since there is the fear that your current customers may disown your brand and look for others. You’ll be charging less per unit and you lose the distinctive brand value that’s associated with your brand, which is a premium yogurt manufacturer. Alternatively, my recommendation would be to introduce the multi-packs for children. Your current 8-oz. product is a cash cow; leave it that way.The method to expand would be to enter a product development strategy and use the same channels for distribution. You’ve built a strong relationship with natural food retailers; continue it by product differentiating. Implement the multi-packs as an option for consumers in the natural food retailers and continue to keep the premium price brand positioning. The last thing you want to do is enter a price war; therefore, keep the same channel distribution you are using but instead, introduc e new products through product differentiation.

Environmental Science Essay

Gagandeep Rai Period 3/4 Criteria air pollutants assignment​ Multiple Choice 1. A pungent reddish ­brown gas often associated with photochemical smog. (C) NO2 2. A corrosive gas from burning coal often associated with industrial smog. (d) SO2 3. A dangerous indoor air pollutant. (A) CO 4. Emitted from diesel and burning fuel. (E) PM10 5. All of the following are examples of primary air pollutants except. (c) tropospheric ozone 6. The greatest emission of sulfur dioxide comes from (C) Industrial processes 7. The least amount of nitrogen oxide emissions comes from (A) on ­ road vehicles 8. The accumulation of tropospheric ozone at night depends mainly upon the atmospheric concentrations of (B) volatile organics 1. What are they? The six criteria air pollutants are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides,lead,particulate matter and tropospheric ozone. These six pollutants significantly threaten human health, ecosystems and/or structures. 2. How is each produced? Sulfur dioxide is mostly produced from the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil. It can also be released during volcanic eruptions. Nitrogen oxides are produced from vehicles as well as stationary fossil fuel combustion. Some is also released through lightning and forest fires.Carbon monoxide is formed by incomplete combustion of most matter. Vehicle exhaust and many other combustion process produce Carbon monoxide. It is also a indoor pollutant when exhaust systems on natural gas heaters misfunction. Carbon dioxide is produced from complete combustion of most matter such as biomass and fossil fuels. Particulate matter is released when fossil fuels and bio fuel is burned. Also it is released with activities that involve movement of dust or sand. Lead is released from old paint, gasoline additive and combustion of fossil fuels.

A Piece of Literature–“Lost Love”

I love you I miss you. When I close my eyes I can still picture Your face Your smile Your voice I can still picture you I don’t know why I love you. The thought of you still brings a smile on my face. Though u r many miles away from me, but still I don’t know why I can’t help but think of you. All I wish for is your happiness. I pray for your well being. And I hope the smile that made me fall for you never leaves your face. I have no idea how I fell for you. You are so close to my heart. And I don’t even know why. My heart chose you. You are special.You are the one person in my life who I would choose above the rest. But you don’t know how important you are to me. What I would give to see you. How many tears my eyes have shed missing you. How many nights I have cried myself to sleep just thinking of you. How whenever you got hurt it was almost as if I could feel it a thousand times intensified. How whenever I see your picture my heart melts a little & all i wanna do is just look at it. How I am crying a little right now just thinking of you. Most of all you don’t know that I love you & probably you never will.Absence makes the heart go fonder. And I am, fond of you. I don’t live in a dream world. I don’t expect myself to have a fairy tale. I mean c’mon let’s be realistic. I have no chance with you. When you moved you took a part of my heart with you. And I want it back. I try so hard not to love you, not to worry about you, not to think of you, but somehow you crawl your way back into my heart. You are the one person in my life of whom my heart cannot let go of. And the funny thing is that I don’t even know how you became this important to me. I don’t know how.I never thought that a girl like me would ever fall for a guy like you. But somehow I did. I have never felt the way for anyone like I felt for you. I try to forget you. But it’s just too hard. Sometimes I miss him, I miss him so much. I find comfort in the thoughts of him with me comforting me, though I know it will only be possible in my dreams. When I am sad, I think of him. I don’t know why but he is very special for me. I don’t know what makes him special. He just has a power over my heart. I can’t stop thinking about him. He is beautiful. Though he is not perfect but in my eyes he is.He is the most beautiful thing in this world & deserves all the happiness in this world. I pray for him, I have always done that, I want him to be happy & healthy. I want him to get everything his heart desires. I gathered a lot of courage last night before sending him that simple â€Å"hi†. It was almost after 3 months. The 2 minute chat we had was not much, but it made my heart pound as hard as anything could. I was so happy that you remembered me & wanted to talk, But I was also kind of disappointed when you didn’t reply after a while.For weeks & weeks I always came onli ne in hopes that you would message me but you never did. And I was too scared myself to message you worried that I would be annoying you or that you would have much better things to do than chat with me. So I did nothing. I just used to open your profile & see your pictures. You still looked the same way you did before, you still were a little spoilt but a popular guy. You still had that element about you, but something was changed, your expressions, your smile, i found hidden sadness in it. It troubled me.The kind of statuses you shared made it seem that you were heartbroken. And I still remember the caption of 2 pics- It’s hard to forget someone who gave you so much to remember. Distance doesn’t matter if two hearts are loyal to each other. It made me wonder who you were talking about. Oh. , how I wish it was me. But I guess it can’t be me coz its almost impossible that you have a crush on me. Nobody has made me feel this way, nobody. Nobody has made me cry th is way. It’s not just one time or two time, hell, not even three times; it’s endless times when my heart misses him.Each time i don’t know why i cry & each time I promise myself not to cry again. But then again I see his picture, his beautiful face & i can’t stop myself from missing him. Just reading his name causes my heart to flutter a little. I don’t even understand why I miss him so much. It’s not like we were friends or anything. He made friends pretty easily & I had hardly any friends. In fact, he was friends with people who used to make fun of me. But I never let myself In the last 4 months we might have had two short chats consisting of 13 messages in total.But still when I read the words you typed, that you actually wanted to talk to me I cannot stop but smile a little. The first chat took place in December last year when you sent me a request on fb. My heart actually stopped for a second there. And when you messaged me, my heart wa s so full of happiness that I am sure I would have screamed. I tried acting cool & to let you believe I was happy in my life I acted cheerfully. And when you messaged to ask if I remember you, oh the irony.! The only reason I joined fb was because of you. The way you typed your messages,,there was something different about it.But then after one message you did not reply back. You were still online, it made me feel like you had more important people to chat with, so I let it go. After that I came online each day as many hours as I could in hopes that you would message me, but you never did. And I was too much of a coward myself to message you, I thought that I would be annoying you. So I never did. Until last week when I finally gathered enough strength to send you that 2 letter word â€Å"hi†. I waited for almost 5 minutes but you didn’t reply,so I felt really stupid for messaging.Then I found out that my stupid internet connection did not load that page properly, so I opened a new tab, & see that you had replied in the next minute. I felt so happy, that you took time out of your life to reply to my message. You asked how my exams took plac, & I asked about yours, the you tell me you are back in the city. Then my stupid net setter disconnected & I couldn’t get a signal for 30 min. Damn..! it never does such a drama when I am doing noting. Anyways, I replied, that night you didn’t come online. That is all

Critically discuss the view that capital markets created the Essay - 3

Critically discuss the view that capital markets created the conditions that led to the new economy bubble and the banking crisis - Essay Example This is attributed to the fact that when a firm or a nation borrows money from the capital markets, the reason is often to invest in additional physical capital products that will be utilized to increase income. It usually takes several months or even years before the investments start generating sufficient return to pay back its cost thus leading to an economic crisis. Capital markets are usually concerned with long tern finance. It comprises of a series of channels through which the communities’ savings are made available for commercial and industrial enterprises and public authorities. Therefore, Chisholm (2009) defines capital markets as financial markets which are tasked with the buying and selling of equity-backed securities or long-term debt. These markets usually channel the wealth of the savers to those who have the capability of putting it into long-term use. The paper will offer evidence supporting the view that capital markets created the conditions that led to the ‘new economy’ bubble and the banking crisis. According to a view shared by Rudd (2009), prescriptions of the neo-liberal policy flow from the major theoretical belief in the superiority of unregulated markets, especially unregulated capital markets. These claims is based on the "efficient-markets hypothesis" , which claims that financial-market prices, such as stock-market prices incorporates all the available information representing the best possible estimate of asset prices. Therefore, it follows that if prices fully informed and markets are fully efficient, there exists no reason to believe that asset-price bubbles are probable which means that if these do occur, markets will self-correct. In the neo-liberal view, deviations from market efficiency are as a result of external causes. They ascertain that bubbles and other disruptions are caused by governments and other "imperfections", and

Topics in cultural studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Topics in cultural studies - Essay Example Another strong reason of degradation of Latin in the 12th century was associated with the emergence of unitary nations.  The 12th century was the era of national development, the basis of which was laid by the previous evolution of feudalism, especially within its last period, when the distinctions between towns and villages became sharper; there was a rapid growth of crafts, trade; and when migration of people broke the isolated nature of separate feudal states. New national cultures, that required unity and full understanding of all members of new societies, could not just preserve the former language practice with its bilingualism, fragmented local dialects and dead literary language.  In contrast to the linguistic fragmentation of the feudal period, a language unity throughout a nation was required, and that common language could not be dead, it had to be capable of flexible and rapid development (Ruhlen, 1996). Three major problems, related to languages, appeared: 1) creatio n and development of vernacular languages; 2) studying and mastering different languages on an international scale; 3) review of the Ancient linguistic heritage (Greenberg, 1972). At different peoples the process of formation of nations and vernacular languages progressed at different epochs and environments, at different speed and with different results. It depended primarily on the intensity of growth and decay of feudal relations in a country, composition of its population and its geographical range. A significant role in the process belonged to lines of communication and cross-cultural companionship: so, maritime states (Italy, Holland, Spain and later on France and England) entered  the path of transformations first (Baldi, 1983). The first eminent herald of the Latin language downfall in literature was Dante Alighieri (1265-1321), who wrote the book of poems Vita nuova (The New Life,1290), dedicated to beloved Beatrice, in Italian, not Latin, and later defended the use of th e new  national language in the Latin tractate De vulgari eloquentia (On the Eloquence of Vernacular) and Italian II convivio (The Banquet), where he wrote that out of one thousand people who know Latin, only one is wise, others just use their knowledge seeking  money and honors. So, he wrote not in Latin but in Italian, as it was not the language of chosen ones but of the vast majority. According to Dante, the vernacular language was nobler than Latin, as it was natural and Latin - artificial.  The Divine Comedy by Dante, Petrarch’s sonnets and The Decameron by Boccaccio, are a brilliant proof of the convenience and superiority of the new national language (Wendell, 1980). In the new vernacular language the records of the great journeys of Columbus and Vespucci were written.  A philosopher Giordano Bruno and Galileo, a scientist, also switched from Latin to the national language.  Galileo, defending his position, said that he saw no necessity in Latin books and wor ks, as an ordinary person with a good native wit could not read them anyway. He also stated that by no means all technical trade terms could be expressed in Latin; at the same time even the worst artisans and peasants knew that terminology in the national lang

International Business Alliance case-writing Essay

International Business Alliance case-writing - Essay Example In 1996, TSYS and VISA U.S.A.'s Merchant Bank Services formed the for-profit Vital Processing Services LLC joint venture, combining both companies' merchant processing units, which together processed nearly three billion transactions in 1995. TSYS has also expanded into new areas to combat the increasing maturation of the U.S. credit card industry. In 1995, TSYS, which has long serviced banks in Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico, took its first steps to transform itself into an international company. TSYS formed the joint venture Total System Services de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. with Controladora PROSA, an 11-bank partnership representing 75 percent of Mexico's card-issuing banks. The joint venture added four million accounts, giving TSYS de Mexico 40 percent of that country's credit card accounts. TSYS has also expanded beyond traditional credit card markets by winning the processing business of United States Medical Finance Corp.'s USMed Card, a medical credit card. An alliance with Fair , Isaac and Company subsidiary DynaMark, Inc., formed in 1995, has enabled TSYS to extend its services to its clients with dynamic database marketing capabilities. TSYS generates revenues through the volume, rather than the amount, of transactions made on the credit cards it services. In 1995, TSYS revenues neared $250 million, producing a net income of $27.7 million. TSYS is led by Chairman and CEO Richard Ussery, Vice-chairman Kenneth Evans, and President Philip Tomlinson, all three long-time employees of parent company Synovus Financial Corp. That company, formerly known as Columbus Bank & Trust, owns 81 percent of TSYS's stock; TSYS management controls an additional ten percent of the company's shares, with the remainder trading on the New York Stock Exchange. In the 1950s, it was barely possible to speak of a credit card "industry." When tiny Columbus Bank & Trust (CB&T) issued a credit card to its local depositors in 1959, it was only the second bank in Georgia, and among the very first in the country, to do so. A credit processing operation was set up in the bank's basement; processing was done manually, as computers were still rare and software was even rarer. Through the first half of the 1960s, the bank's credit department grew from processing transactions from some 200 local merchants to 3,000. In 1966, CB&T built a separate operations building, and, after attempting to form a joint venture with W.C. Bradley Company to computerize processing, CB&T installed its own computer. Finding trained computer operators was difficult and expensive; instead, the bank trained some of its own personnel, establishing a computer department. By 1969 the company was writing its own software to handle processing of its credit card accounts. Joining the team developing the bank's software programs was Richard Ussery, then in his fourth year with the bank (he joined CB&T as a teller in 1965). As more banks instituted credit cards and struggled to process accounts, they were attracted to CB&T's processing system. Ussery told Georgia Trend of

How did Ptolemy I come to adopt the title of king after Alexander the Essay

How did Ptolemy I come to adopt the title of king after Alexander the Great's death How did he come to adopt the title of 'Soter' meaning Saviour What controversial evidence surrounds these events - Essay Example Though Ptolemy became known to history initially as the â€Å"friend, confidant, and later general of Alexander† and later as his predecessor, there was no indication from any historical accounts that Alexander wanted Ptolemy to be his successor (Bingen and Bagnall, 2007, 15). But it has been clear from historical documents that Ptolemy was close to Alexander (Worthington, 2003, p.137). It was by the year, 330 that Ptolemy â€Å"succeeded Demetrius† and became the aide-in-hand of Ptolemy as he was already a senior leader in the â€Å"Macedonian army† (Ellis, 1994, p.10). Green (1990) has observed, â€Å"Ptolemy was one of the few to realize that limiting his ambition would actually get him farther in the long run† (p.9). But once Alexander died, he was not sitting idle as well. After taking over the responsibility of governance of Egypt, the first thing he did was to attack and conquer â€Å"the rich North African State of Cyrenaica† without attaining any permission from Perdiccas (Green, 1990, p.13). On the political front, Ptolemy is known for the first ever application in history â€Å"of a philosophy of monarchic power† once he succeeded Alexander as the king (15). But later historians (eg:- Bosworth, 1976) have also pointed out that Ptolemy manipulated the facts in his history of Alexander, a text from which supposedly the most authentic historian of Alexander, Arrian, drew his facts to retell the story (117). It has been observed that Ptolemy exaggerated his own achievements and downplayed his rivals’ ones in this text (Bosworth, 1976, 117). And the result was that whatever history that exists about Alexander, incorporates within it, the exaggerated self of Ptolemy also. Ptolemy himself had told the story of Alexander but this book is now lost somewhere in the quagmire of history (Ellis, 1994, 7). Hence, it is through the work of Arrian (1907), that now we know the story of Alexander, of course as told

Was ethnicity the cause of the Rwandan genocide Essay

Was ethnicity the cause of the Rwandan genocide - Essay Example This has not been possible owing to the fact that political stability has progressively been shaken by the shaky political regimes in many of the countries. Rwanda is a country that has deep marks of ethnic violence that was fuelled by political propaganda. The 1994 genocide was orchestrated by the rivalry of the country’s ethnic communities. The ‘Hutu’ and the ‘Tutsi’ ethnic rivalry, sparkled by the political regimes of that time flamed a historical genocide that is yet to heal, two decades down the line since it ended. The role of ruling any government in integrating a nation regardless of its diverse multi-ethnic groups is significant although this has hardly been witnessed in Africa’s political leadership. The leaders when elected are offered the power to construct or destroy and seemingly bringing down a state that has been built for years is quite a simple task. It only takes some propaganda from a ‘charismatic’ leader to provoke and incite one community against the other as seen in Rwanda (Burnell, Randall and Rakner, 2010: 100). One tactic that the colonisers used against their subjects was divide and rule. This involved disentangling and disintegrating the unity between the subjects so as to ensure they do not speak, act or respond in unison. Through this technique, the rulers would achieve a divided response that enabled them to enforce their regulations and command with relative ease. The same tactic, apparently, has been adopted by the commonly referred to as ‘post-colonisers’ who have used the diversity in ethnicity to their advantage. Self-gratification can best be achieved when citizens are incited against each other so that when they break into a fight, the leader’s interests are protected. Such selfish leaders would explore any division or crack in the society through which they can blackmail and sabotage just ways replacing them with deceptions and propagandas in a bid to

Media economy and society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Media economy and society - Essay Example According to Habermas, during the feudal economic system, matters of concern were handled by the church and the state and private individuals remained dominant. However, industrialisation and transformation of the feudal economy brought about the emergence of bourgeoisies. These individuals were subordinates to the proletariat and ruling class and had no say in running of the government. Enlightenment brought about by availability of cultural products such as newspapers and journals. The public sphere was a regulatory institution against the authority of state and entailed discursive relations rather than market relations associated with an economic system. It thus entailed political participation through medium of talk such as the coffee houses, societies and salons. It was free of class or race divisions, the issues discussed were the common good of all. One may tend to think that since the public sphere entailed discussions by the bourgeoisies, the medial had no role to play. Howe ver, media in form of publications was very crucial in providing information that served as basis for the discussions and consequently political action (Hauser, 1998). ... sk, â€Å"If the media was vital in enhancing public debate, how is it that it replaced the public sphere?† Mediums such as newspapers provided information to bourgeoisies that became subject of debate. However, advancements in the media overturned this rational-critical debate by private individuals. In the 1950s, the TV was the mostly used form of public sphere. The TV is informative to the consumers in regards to most of political and economic issues. However, the TV as a form of public sphere is not interactive; the viewers become consumers of information rather than participants. Moreover, unlike the coffee houses, salons and public assemblies the individuals consume the information in privacy of their homes thus no debate takes place. Besides, the media does not seek the opinions of the views. The privatisation of individual interests has the effect of disintegrating the society. Social gatherings where public opinions are formed and discussed are eroded thus undermining democracy and encouraging the emergence of totalitarian states associated with the capitalist economy (Herbamas, 1989). The media rather than providing information on economic and political issues are used as medium of advertising thus encouraging consumerism and capitalist economies. However, this view is often criticized since there are other forms of media or cultural products that enhance interactions among users hence public sphere is viewed as still in existence. For instance, growth of the internet has led to information explosion and increased interactions between individuals through social networks such as face book and twitter. These allow for participation by individuals in discussion of matters of concern hence contributing to public sphere (Fraser, 1990). For example, during the Arab

Marketing - Service Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing - Service Marketing - Essay Example Dividing the various services encounters into two sections of â€Å"satisfying† and â€Å"dissatisfying† experiences, let’s start with the first encounter experience at the Ice Bar in London. Our experience at the Ice Bar in London was average because we were kept waiting for 20 minutes. Once entered in the specified area, we got the feeling of cramped in an overcrowded space without any seating arrangement. Staff strength was minimal to attend to the large crowd although their smiling faces reduced our level of dissatisfaction. The management should add more aesthetic elements to the bar so that it does not remain a one-time visit. Overall, the experience at Ice Bar was disappointing, as it failed on the parameters of prompt service. The queues were long to get entry in the Ice Bar, leading to dissatisfaction. Assaf and Magnini (2012) have conducted statistical analysis of customer satisfaction in hotel efficiency, which indicates that if customer satisfaction i s not given due importance, it can lead to huge difference in the mean and ranking of hotel efficiency scores. Efficiency measures can help a hotel in attaining its objective of providing satisfaction to customers, which is minutely related to planning, organizing, decision-making and information seeking by managers. Customer satisfaction has been used as an output variable in the modelling of hotel efficiency. In the past, critical variable used to be revenue and number of rooms rented out. It is derived from the gathered data of American Customer Satisfaction Index that a firm’s efficiency level among its competitors can be affected if customer satisfaction as an indicator is excluded from the modelling. This fact is proved in the case of Wyndham Hotel and Resorts, which stood on the fourth rank out of eight competitors in an efficiency model that did not include customer satisfaction data but came on seventh number when the model included satisfaction as an output. The con cept that customer satisfaction can have a great impact in efficiency modelling has robust theoretical underpinnings in the marketing literature. It derives that satisfaction has a powerful connection with loyalty, which transforms into reduction in the cost of future dealings, diminishes price elasticity, builds a service failure stock, and cuts down on the negative publicity through word-of-mouth (Assaf and Magnini, 2012). The study by Assaf and Magnini (2012) can help hotel businesses to decide drivers of efficiency by analyzing both inputs and outputs of the model, the inputs being the number of outlets, number of full time employees, and operational expenses while customer satisfaction, income, and occupancy rate are taken as outputs. On the lines of Hotel Marriot, other hotels should organize cross-training of their employees to reduce a model input such as staff strength and boost the output in the form of customer satisfaction. It proves the effectiveness of efficiency model at managerial level, focusing on the capacity of a hotel firm to cross-train to enhance customer satisfaction level besides other outputs such as income and occupancy rates. Writing on my dissatisfying experiences, the transportation encounter with the EasyJet was not satisfying because the personnel at the airport were not fully informed about situations and their handling. Additional time was wasted unnecessarily. Seats were small and uncomfortable.

Sports and Academic Achievement Essay Example for Free

Sports and Academic Achievement Essay Many studies have been done regarding the positive impact that athletics has on a student’s life. Studies have looked at the physical impact that athletics has on a student’s life like sportsmanship, healthy lifestyle, discipline, strategy, and time management. We will be looking at studies that have explored the impact that athletics has on students’ academic abilities. Academic success can be measured in many ways but we will explore grade point averages, math and English test scores, and graduation success rates to show the positive impact athletics has on a student’s academic abilities. Introduction Participating in athletics offers students the opportunity to learn valuable lessons they can use for the rest of their lives. Some lessons include teamwork, self-esteem, perseverance, discipline, time management, and healthy living. However, these lessons are not the only lessons a student learns. Students also learn lessons that carry over into the classroom and have a positive impact on academic achievement. These lessons include increased memory, diligence, time management, and memory capacity which can be supported by scientist that have researched the impact of physical activity on the brain. These studies have concluded that exercise causes â€Å"neurogenesis†, the process of growing cells in the brain therefore, increasing memory and learning capacities (Blaydes, 2011). The National Federation of State High School Associations in their 2008, â€Å"The Case for High School Activities† article shows that the return on investment on athletic programs and other extr acurricular activities is very high. Look more:  essay on perseverance â€Å"At a cost of only one to three percent (or less in many cases) of an overall school’s budget, high school activity programs are one of the best bargins around. It is in these vital programs – sports, music, speech, drama, debate – where young people learn lifelong lessons as that compliment the academic lessons taught in the classroom† (p. 1) Students who participate in athletics will experience greater academic success than students who do not participate in athletics. Using various research studies I will support this hypothesis by detailing the correlations between academic achievement and athletic participation. Students who participate in athletics have higher grade point averages (GPA), higher Math and English scores, and obtain higher levels of graduation rates and continue on to higher education. Grade Point Averages of athletes vs. non-athletes One of the measurements of academic success is grade point averages. High grade point averages indicate one’s diligence, perseverance and desire to succeed. Students who participate in athletics have higher GPA’s than students who do not participate in athletics. The 2002 study conducted by Schaben and Stevens of middle school students showed that students who participated in athletics had an average GPA of 3.15 compared to nonathletic students which carried an average GPA of 2.4 (p. 38). Another study of high school students by Stegman and Stephens (2000) found that both male and female students that had low athletic participation carried lower GPA’s. Male students in the 12th grade that did not participate in athletics carried an average GPA of 3.04 compared to 3.18 of male 12th graders that did participate. Female students in the 12th grade that did not participate in athletics carried an average GPA of 3.28 compared to 3.62 of female 12th grades that did participate (p. 3). Athletic participation directly impacts grade point averages of students that participate; therefore, students who participate in athletics have more academic success than students who do not participate in athletics. Math and English scores of athletes vs. non-athletes High math scores indicate academic success because it shows a student’s ability for problem solving, logical thinking and calculations. High English scores indicate academic success in students by way of writing abilities and communication abilities. Students who participate in athletics have higher Math and English grades than students who do not participate in athletics. Students who participated in athletics were found to have an average final grade of 74.5 in Math and 74.6 in English. Students that did not participate in athletics were found to have an average final grade of 715 in Math and 70.3 in English (Zaugg, 1998, p. 68). A North Carolina High School study of students who participate in athletics found that students who did not participate in athletics had an average Math grade of 57.9 and 50.8 for English compared to those students who did participate that had an average Math grade of 66.1 and 61.4 in English (2001, NCHSAA Bulletin, p. 2). Studies have consistently shown that participation in athletics directly impacts a student’s scores in Math and English to be higher than students that do not participate in athletics. Graduation Rates of athletes vs. non-athletes Students who participate in athletics have higher graduation rates and continue on to higher learning more often than students who do not participate in athletics. This is an academic success indicator because the athletic student is graduation and continuing on in their academic success in college. The National Center for Education Statistics followed high school athletes 8 years after graduation and found that elite athletes and varsity athletes are more than 1.70 times more likely to have postsecondary education (2005, Carlson, Planty, Scott, and Thompson, p. 11). Male students who do not participate in athletics are 4% less likely to obtain a college degree than those males students who did participate in athletics. There was a similar correlation between female non-athletes and female athletes (2001, Caudill and Long, p.529). Athletic students have a higher graduation rate than non-athletic students and athletic students continue on to higher education more often than non-athlet ic students. Objection of higher academic success in athletes One objection to the impact that athletics has on academics success is a study showing that non-athletes have higher ACT/SAT scores. In the 1997 Chronicle of Education article by Jim Naughton, students that did not participate in athletics had higher ACT scores (average 21+) than students who did participate in athletics (average of 19) (p. A44). In the study of high school seniors in Eastern Tennessee (2010, Gorman, p. 80) recorded no significant difference in ACT scores between participating and non-participating students. This objection disputes the findings that athletes have more academic success than non-athletes. Conclusion As the studies have shown, the impact of athletics isn’t just physical. â€Å"Interscholastic sports also promote life skills and lessons and enhance academic performance† (Lumpkin Stokowski, 2011). Those lessons carry over in the classroom and boost grade point averages, as well as the scores of Math and English. It has been found that athletic students have a higher frequency of graduation and continue on to higher education than non-athletic students. Students who participate in athletics have more academic success than students who do not participate in athletics. References Barber, B. L., Eccles, J. S. Stone, M. R. (2001). Whatever happened to the Jock, the Brain, and the Princess? : Young adult pathways linked to adolescent activity involvement and social identity. Journal of Adolescent Research, 16, 429-455. doi: 10.1177/0743558401165002 Blaydes, J. (2011, Fall). How to make learning a moving experience. Seen Magazine, 13(2), 78-79. Carlson, D., Planty, M., Scott, L., Thompson, J. (2005). Statistics in Brief: What is the status of high school athletes 8 years after their senior year? (NCES 2005303). Retrieved from the National Center for Education Statistics website http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/nels88/ Caudill, S. B. Long, J. E. (1991, August). The impact of participation in intercollegiate athletics on income and graduation. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 73(3), 525-531. Gorman, D. A. (2010). The effect of athletic participation on academic achievement for high school seniors in Eastern Tennessee (Doctorial dissertation). Liberty University , Lynchburg, VA. Lumpkin, A. Stokowski, S. (2011, Spring). Interscholastic sports: A character-building privilege. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 47(3), 124-8. National Federation of State High School Associations. (2008). The case for high school activities. (NFHS Report). Retrieved from Oregon School Activities Association website: www.osaa.org/osaainfo/08CaseForHSActivities.pdf Naughton, J. (1997). Athletes on top-ranked teams lack grades and test scores of other students. Chronicle of Higher Education, 43(46), 43-44. Schaben, L. A. Stephens, L. J. (2000, February). The effect of interscholastic sports participation on academic achievements of middle level school students. NASSP Bulletin, 86(34), 34-41. doi: 10.1177/019263650208663005 Stegman, M. Stephens, L. J. (2000). Athletics and academics: are they compatible? High School Magazine, 7(6), 36-9. Unknown. (2001, Fall). High school athletes outperform nonathletes again by wide margins in massive statewide academic study. North Carolina High School Athletic Association Bulletin, 54(1), 2. Zaugg, H. (1998). Academic comparison of athletes and non-athletes in a rural high school. NASSP Bulletin, 82, 63-72. doi: 10.1177/019263659808259910